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an electric battery. The reindeer are caught by a kind of lasso,
which is thrown over their horns. They are milked twice a week
only. Reindeer milk forms one of the chief articles of food among
the Lapps. The cheese made of it is generally reserved for use in
winter.
The number of Lapps in Norway is estimated at about 18,000, of
whom 1700 are still nomadic in their habits. Sweden and Russia
contain 12,000 more, so that the powerful race which once dominated the
whole of Scandinavia has dwindled away to a total of 30,000 souls.
The Lapps now intermarry freely with Norwegians and Finns. In
Norway they are often called Finner, while the Finns are named Kvæner,
from the län of Kajana in Finland. — From the fact that the dog alone
has a genuine Lapp name (Bcednag), while the other domestic animals
bear names of Germanic or Finnish origin, it has been concluded that
the Lapps were originally a race of hunters, who adopted the nomadic
life within the historic period. On this theory the reindeer, now the
principal source of the Lapp’s wealth, was at first an object of the chase only.
Among the numerous works on the Lapps may he mentioned:
Mil-fwd’s ‘Norway and her Laplanders’, 1812; Everest’s ‘Journey through
Norway, Lapland, etc.’, 1S29; G. v. Diiben’s ‘Om Lappland och Lapparne’,
Stockholm, 1873; Friis’s ‘En Sommer i Finmarken’, Kristiania, 1871;
Finis’s ‘Lappisk Jlythologie, and Lappiske Eventyr’, Kristiania, 1871;
Stockfleth’s ‘Dagbog over min Jlissionsreise i Finmarken’, 1860; J. Vahl’s
‘Lapperne, etc.’, 1866; F. Vincent’s ‘Norsk, Lapp, and Finn’, 1885.
The Tromstind (4085 ft.) may be ascended from the Lapps’
camp in 3-4 hrs. (guide from Tromsø 4 kr.).
We first walk to the (1 hr.) head of the valley, which terminates in
an amphitheatre of mountains resembling those in the Pyrenees. We then
ascend the steep slope to the left, at first over turf and afterwards over
snow (snow-spectacles desirable). Herds of reindeer are often met with
at pasture here. Before reaching the crest of the hill we have to climb
over a very steep snow-field. The final ascent, over snow and detritus,
is easier. The top, which is marked by a ‘Varde’, commands a view of
the magnificent scenery around the L’lsfjord and the Lyngenfjord; to the
W. the sea of ice above Tromsø and the Kvalø. On the E. side the
mountain falls almost perpendicularly to a neck of land between the
Ulfsfjord and the Balsfjord (Ramfjord).
III. From Tromsør to the North Cape.
361 Kil. (221 Engl. 31.), including the detours made by the steamboats.
By Stkamboat in l>/2 day, with 5 mail-steamer stations. — Only
passengers by Tourist Steamers have the opportunity of both ascending the North
Cape and of visiting the ‘Bird-mountain’ of Sværholtklubben. The
Hammerfest steamers return at once from the North Cape to Hammerfest, as
soon as their passengers have accomplished the ascent. The Vadsø steamer
passes the North Cape if the passengers desire it, but does not land them;
it then goes on to the Sværholtklubben. — Comp. p. 225.
Distances are calculated from station to station ; comp. p. 231.
Leaving Tromsø, the steamer steers through the Tromsøsund,
passing Skateren on the left, and enters the Oretsund. To the left
lie the Kvale, the mountainous Rinycadse (with a glacier and a
lake formed by a moraine), and the Reine, at the S. extremity of
which lies Finkroken. Opposite, on the mainland, is the Ulfstind
(3280 ft.), standing like a sentinel at the mouth of the I tfsfjord.
which here opens to the S.
The *Ulfsfjord, which penetrates into the land for a distance of
31 Engl. 31., between the peninsulas of Stuora-njarya (on the right) and
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