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NOTES 233
and taste at that time, it made a sensation and led to the improvement
of both.
Page 36.
Tue Ocean. Arnijot Gelline, a man of prowess, from Tiundaland, the
region about Upsala. When Olaf the Saint went from Sweden to Nor-
way in 1030, Arnljot Gelline was present in his army at Stiklestad,
and after baptism was assigned to a place nearest in front of the royal
standard. He fought stoutly, but fell early in the battle.
Vikar, a brother of Arnljot Gelline, who sailed with Olaf Trygvason
on the Long Serpent, and died fighting in his post of honor on the prow.
(See notes below.)
Page 39.
ALONE AND REPENTANT. This poem was first printed in 1865, but was
probably written in 1861 or 1862 in Germany or Italy. The friend was
Ivar Bye, whom Bjornson had saved from distress and social ostracism
in Christiania before 1857, when Bye went as actor with Bjornson to
the theater in Bergen, He was no great actor but an unusual man, for
whom Bjornson had deep respect and warm sympathy. Bjornson de-
scribed his character and life-experience in the study “Ivar Bye,” first
published in 1894, in which he said: “Our literature possesses a me-
morial of his way of receiving what was confided to him. It lies in the
poem: ‘A friend I possess.’ I wrote it far away from him,—not that
he might have it, his name is not mentioned, and he never had it, but
because at that time things were hard for me.”
Page 45.
OxaFr Trycvason. Grandson of Harald Fairhair, and King from 995
to 1000. On one of his viking expeditions to England he was converted
to Christianity. Returning to Norway to win back his ancestral inher-
itance from Haakon Jarl (see page 235), he had fortune with him; for
as he steered into the Trondhjem Fjord, he received the tidings of the
successful uprising of the peasants against Haakon. He founded Ni-
daros, the present city of Trondhjem, established Christianity in a large
part of the country, and soon became dearer to the people than any other
Norwegian King. But he had powerful enemies outside of the land:
the Danish King, Svein Forkbeard, the Swedish King, Olaf, and Erik,
son of Haakon Jarl. By a large sea-force under these he was attacked
off the island Svolder (near the island of Rigen), and there lost his
life.
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