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252 NOTES
in the three Scandinavian countries, Grundtvig, Runeberg, and Werge-
land. From the beginning of 1865 to the middle of 1867 he had been
director of the Theater, and since March, 1866, as editor no less than
as author, active in polemics, political and literary. His election early
in December, 1869, as president of the Students’ Union, was a demon-
stration in his favor, shortly after which this poem was written. Com-
pare also the poem, O4, When will you Stand Forth? page 170, and notes
thereto.
The twelfth and thirteenth stanzas refer to Grundtvig, for whom
see page 254.
_ The fourteenth stanza refers to the Finnish Swedish poet, Johan Lud-
vig Runeberg (1804~1877), whose lyric, ballad, and epic genius was
of national importance for Sweden. He was a champion of true freedom
and naturalness in literature and life.
Wergeland, see page 262.
Page 150.
OLp HELTseERG. Henrik Anton Schjott Heltberg was born February 4,
1806, and died March 2, 1873. In early life he was an active member
of Wergeland’s party in the attack on Danish influence, and this spirit
ever controlled him, a “ power-genius” of independent originality, gro-
tesque appearance, and odd manners, From 1838 he was teacher in va-
rious schools, until in his later years he founded in Christiania a Latin
School, continued until after 1870, with a course of two years formature
pupils, whose ages ranged between sixteen and thirty-five years, the
so-called “Student Factory,” a higher cramming-school, chiefly pre-
paring for entrance into the University. It was, however, attended also
_ by those who for other reasons wished to learn Latin and Greek, He was
a powerful teacher, a uniquely rousing and educating force.
I went to a school, etc. When ten years old Bjornson was sent to
Molde and entered the “ Middel- og Real-skole” there, which had only
two classes and, when he left it, twenty-eight pupils. In 18 50, seventeen
years old, he went to Christiania and the “ Factory.”
Prelims, those who had passed only an examination preliminary to
the “Norwegian” (not Latin) official examination.
Vinje, see page 251.
Fonas Lie, born November 6, 1833; died July 5, 1908; the noted
author of novels and tales.
Grammar. Heltberg’s method was a grammatical short-cut system,
to cram Latin and Greek in the shortest time possible. For twenty years
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