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NOTES 257
Page 178.
To Mo pe. This poem, begun in 1878, was finished the next year in
Copenhagen. Bjornson attended a school in Molde from his eleventh
to his eighteenth year. The varied beauty, not too grand and not too
somber, of the scenery about Molde left on him indelible impressions.
Page 181.
HaMar-MADE MarTcueEs. To this poem Bjérnson appended a note:
“The founder of Norway’s first folk-high-school, Herman Anker,
built later in Hamar a match factory [the first large one in the country],
the product of which was quickly distributed in Norway and offered
for sale on the street with the cry : ‘Here your Hamar-made matches!’
The poem is a sort of allegorical comparison of these two ‘works
of enlightenment’ from the hand of the same man.” Herman Anker
(1839-96) studied theology, and after the death of his father, a whole-
sale merchant, inherited a very considerable fortune, which he applied
mostly to cultural purposes. With O. Arvesen he founded in 1864 the
first Norwegian folk-high-school at Sagatun, near Hamar.
Folk-high-schools are schools for adult men and women, where the
instruction aims directly at making good citizens, The method of in-
struction is “historical,” but the teacher’s personality is all-important
in relation to the pupil’s individuality. The subjects are the country’s
language and history, history of the world, mathematics and physics,
besides the elementary subjects; physical exercise is also made impor-
tant. The home of these schools is Denmark, whence they spread to
Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Danes in North America. Origi-
nated by N. F, S. Grundtvig (see page 254), who began to plan them
early in the nineteenth century as part of the national restoration of
Denmark after 1813-14, the first was opened in 1844 at Rodding in
Jutland. Since 1861 these schools have received women during the
summer, May to August, and men from November to April. Many
were established after 1864, which have flourished in the country, but
not in the cities. Quite a few were started in Norway, and all were
highly successful for some years.
Page 185.
Tue Pure Norwecian Fxac. The poems here grouped were written
in 1879 during the active beginning of the so-called ‘ Flag-conflict”
in behalf of the removal from the flag of Norway of the mark of union
with Sweden. For a description of the flags of Sweden and Norway,
see page 231.
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