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observations (In the vegetation ol- tUe Vntarctic sea 257
40 fathoms only suffice to prove, according to my experience, that
larger algæ really occur on this part of the bottom. Then he quotes
some examples, partly from his own observations, partly from the
FRANKLlN-expedition to Baffin Bay. KjELLMAN dredged Delesscria
sinuosa in 85 fathoms north of Spitzbergen, Ptilota pectinata in 150
fathoms in Smeerenberg Bay on the northwest coast of Spitzbergen
and in 80—100 fathoms north of Spitzbergen; there he also found
Dichloria viridis. On this he says, 1. c. p. 263: »At Spitzbergen it
occurs at a depth of 5-—150 fathoms , which indicates that KjELLMAN
really attaches some importance to the elittoral find, and supposes that
immense vertical distribution of the plant. On Ptilota pectinata he says,
1. c. p. 175, that he generally found it in 10—20 fathoms, but that it
belongs to those Florideæ, extending down to the greatest depths: on
the coast of Spitzbergen I have dredged specimens in one place from
a depth of 150 fathoms, in two other places at 80—100 fathoms . On
Delcsseria sinuosa he remarks p. 137, that it »occurs usually in 10—20
fathoms, sometimes in more shallow water, 1,5—2 fathoms deep, or at
very great depths. It has been dredged at Spitzbergen quite fresh in
85 fathoms . This expression »quite fresh», on Delesscria sinuosa in
all that KjELLMAN says on the state in which the algæ were brought
up to the surface; he does not say whether he found them adhering
to a stone or not. In the latter case there is always more possibility
that an alga from a great depth has grown there than if only pieces
are discovered. It is more probable that drifting pieces have sunk to
the bottom — if they have sunk recently they may appear quite fresh,
and even a stone with an algæ can often drift away and reach the
abysmal region, without the possibility of living a very long time.
I do not believe myself that the finds made hitherto in the Arctic Sea
really prove that algæ are able to live in a depth of 300 m., where
pract-cally no more light can reach dem. However, I will not say that an
elittoral flora may not sometimes be developed, but I can only imagine it as
very poor and composed of few species, and never reaching a depth
beyond 100—150 m. KjELLMAN1 reports several elittoral species, and
Polysipkonia arctica and. I’hyllophora inter/upta, dredged in the Siberian
Sea in 40 fathoms have very likely grown in that depth. Rosenvinge2
mentions the arctic elittoral finds previously made and adds 11 species
brought back by the danish Dijmphna-expedition (among others Des-
’ Alg. Murni. Meer, p. 67.
2 Alg. Gronl. Kyst., p. 234.
Botan. stud, tillägn. F. R. Kjellman. 17
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