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world, of the significance of the body. In the
later period of antiquity, in Socrates and
Plato, the soul began to look down upon the
body. The Renaissance tried to reconcile the
two but the effort was unfortunately not
serious enough. Boldness it did not lack, but its
effort was not successful in carrying out a
task which Goethe himself said must be
approached both with boldness and with serious
purpose. Only now that we know how soul
and body together build up or undermine one
another, people are beginning to demand again
a second higher innocence in relation to the
holiness and the rights of the body.
A Danish writer has shown how the Mosaic
Seventh Commandment sinks back into
nothing, as soon as one sees that marriage is only
an accidental social form for the living together
of two people, while the ethically decisive
factor is the way they live together. In morality
there is taking place a general displacement
from objective laws of direction and compulsion
to the subjective basis from which actions
proceed. Ethics become an ethic of character,
a matter dealing with the constitution of the
temperament. We demand, we forgive, or we
judge according to the inner constitution of
the individual; we do not readily call an action
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