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Education 129
them. He must be shown that he must help
to put his clothes in good condition again, or
that he will be compelled to buy what he has
destroyed carelessly with money earned by him-
self. If the child is not careful, he must stay
at home, when ordinarily allowed to go out,
or eat alone if he is too late for meals. It may
be said that there are simple means by which
all the important habits of social life may be-
come a second nature. But it is not possible
in all cases to apply Spencer’s method. The
natural consequences occasionally endanger
the health of the child, or sometimes are too
slow in their action. If it seems necessary to
interfere directly, such action must be con-
sistent, quick, and immutable. How is it that
the child learns very soon that fire burns?
Because fire does so always. But the mother
who at one time strikes, at another threatens,
at another bribes the child, first forbids and
then immediately after permits some action;
who does not carry out her threat, does not
compel obedience, but constantly gabbles and
scolds; who sometimes acts in one way and
just as often in another, has not learned the
effective educational methods of the fire.
The old-fashioned strict training that in its
crude way gave to the character a fixed type
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