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106 III. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 11301389).
naturally introduced into Denmark by the Archbishop
Asser in gratitude for the dignity conferred upon him, and
in union with the pious feelings of the Danish kings. The
decrees of the Synod of Reims in 1119, and of the first
Lateran Council of 1122, both under Calixtus III., were
received in Denmark shortly after they were passed in the
South, under the guidance of the legate, Cardinal Alberic.
They were directed against simony, lay investiture, the
inheritance of benefices, and the marriage of the clergy.
Thus, they were a mixture of right and wrong principles.
Simony was disgraceful and sinful (though the way in
which it grew up is explicable), and the inheritance of
benefices highly inexpedient. Lay investiture was a
matter for compromise such as was reached in England.
The marriage of the clergy, on the other hand, was a right
possessed by them as by all other men, and to deny it was
so to run counter to human nature, as to promote im
morality and a low standard of clerical life.
8 TO ii. PERIOD I.
8. THE SVERKER AND ERIC KINGS (1130 1250).
ESKIL OF LUND (1157 1178). ESTABLISHMENT
OF FIXED SEES AND MONASTERIES. COUNCIL OF
LlNKOPING (1152) GRANTS PETER S-PENCE.
We must now touch on the special history of Sweden
after the extinction of the line of Stenkil. For more than
forty years, from 1137 to 1178, -the see of Lund was filled
by a strong, high-born and ambitious, bYit also pious man
Eskil nephew of the first Archbishop, a contemporary
and friend of St. Bernard of Clairvaux,, a man in whom
the two prevailing impulses of the age, to fight for power
and to take refuge in monastic seclusion, seem to have
been equally balanced. He was at home both in the battle
field and in the cloister. He was the first to hold a
council of northern bishops, in 1139 or 1140, at which
representatives of Sweden, Norway and the Faro Islands
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