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122 III. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 11301389).
could talk to thee face to face, and abide with thee also in
bodily presence ! and this certainly I should prefer to all
the comfort given to me by the relations and friends
amongst whom I dwell, and I
daily beseech God to do it
before my death by whatever opportunity for it may be
given. I, thy father, am well, dearest daughter; and I am
deeply grieved because I have heard nothing lately about
thy state." This was perhaps his last letter to her before
his death.
The end of the thirteenth century was marked by a
crusade conducted against the heathen Carelians, in Fin
land, who were assisted by the Russians who had long been
adherents of the Greek Church. This war was waged dur
ing the minority of Birger, son of Ladulas. From this
unfortunate war began the long-drawn contest with Russia.
A few years later, in 1295, a check was put upon the
primacy of Lund, and Archbishop Nicolaus Allonis of
Upsala received the pallium direct from Rome (see Celsii :
Bullarium, p. 97. Boniface VIII. writes: "Pallium illi
per manus Cardinalium delegatorum Romas tradi curavi-
mus, salvo Lundensis jure ").
The latter part of the Folkunga period is memorable for
the career of the great female saint, Birgitta. It was also
brightened by the lives of the only later sainted bishops
which Sweden has to show, Bryniulf, or Brynolphus I. of
Skara (1278 6th February, 1317), Hemming of Abo (1339
22nd May, 1366), and Nicolaus Hermanni of Linkoping
(1374 i3th September, 1391). Bryniulf was a man of
high birth, son of the West Gothic lagman, Algot, who had
studied for many years in Paris, a Latin poet and good
administrator, who governed the see of Skara for nearly
forty years, though often in conflict with Magnus Ladulas,
Hemming was a zealous missionary in Finland and its
neighbourhood, and a great founder. Amongst his other
foundations must be reckoned the establishment of the first
the rirst Church Order of the province. He also procured
library in Finland. His statutes published in 1352 were
the representation of Finland in the election of the king of
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