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i 48
LECTURE IV.
THE ROMANIZED CHURCH UNDER THE UNION SOVEREIGNS
(13891520).
i. MARGARET AND ERIC OF POMERANIA.
The history of the Union period is particularly important
for our subject, as exhibiting the bishops, especially the
Archbishop of Upsala, in the enjoyment of the fullest
secular power, and so preparing the way for that reaction
against the excessive wealth and independence of the
Church, which was a very marked feature of the Swedish
Reformation.
Queen Margaret was a Danish princess of great ability,
goodness and beauty her face may still be seen in the
abbey of Roskilde and she was acceptable in Sweden as
a pupil of St. Birgitta s daughter, Marta. She was acknow
ledged as sovereign by the whole of Scandinavia at the
Union of Kalmar 2oth July, 1397. Experience of the
misery caused by the constant warfare between the three
kingdoms and the knowledge of their kinship and common
interests naturally suggested the union, which was fav
oured by the accident of her unique position and by the
admiration of her fine personal character. By the terms of
the union each country was to be governed by its own laws,
and fugitives from one were not to be protected in another,
while each was to be allied with the others for mutual de
fence. Doubtless both enmity of Germany and jealousy
and fear of Russia favoured the union, although the terms
on which it was concluded were not at the time publicly
known. It was at first accepted passively.
It was further agreed that Margaret should be succeeded
in wearing the triple crown by her grand-nephew, Eric of
Pomerania, who was at the time of the union in his six
teenth year. He was crowned at Stockholm in the next
year (1398). This king is interesting to us from his mar
riage (in 1406) with Philippa, an English princess,
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