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i6o IV. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 13891520).
But, to judge by the similar design on the seal of Jacobus
Ulphonis, later in the century, the figure is intended to
represent our Lord, possibly with some suggestion that the
archbishop was, like the pope, the vicar of Christ.
Karl himself was not strong enough for the position.
He had been a brilliant party leader, but became (as Geijer
says, p. 68) a feeble king. He was without heart for his
office, and looked too narrowly at his own immediate
advantage. His governors were as rapacious as the
Danish and German bailiffs had been, and it mattered little
that they robbed in the name of a Swedish king and plun
dered under the cloak of law. Amongst other things, his
attack upon the freedom of testamentary bequests to the
Church provoked bitter resentment. The archbishop, in
fact, went to war with him, and drove him out of the king
dom. The result was that Christian of Oldenburg, who
had been king of Denmark since 1448, and had ousted Karl
from Norway in 1450, was now chosen king of Sweden
also, and crowned in 1457. The peasants in Norway, who
had no Engelbrekt to lead them, were utterly broken down
in spirit, and were more or less content (notwithstanding
their ancient traditions of independence) to be ruled from
Denmark.
This union of Norway with Denmark lasted until the
Treaty of Kiel on I4th January, 1814, which was followed
by the union of Norway with Sweden in the next year. But
Danish rule in Sweden was never long established without
resistance. The struggles that followed are of little in-
fig. 149, three niches, in centre Blessed Virgin Mary and child,
figures right and left; (5) Johannes Benedict! (1455?), already
described, fig. 229 ; (6) Jacobus Ulphonis, 1470, fig. 278, much
like No. 5, but with a cross on the crown and no morse. It has a
three-quarter face looking to right of spectator a rare attitude,
found occasionally in Scotland, but only found, I think, in Eng
land on the seal of Richard de Bury of Durham, 1333 ;
(7) Gustavus
Trolle, 1514, fig. 353, an angel with a cross on his cap, holding
a shield, Upsala and Trolle, quarterly, the latter being a headless
Troll. No archiepiscopal cross staff is found on any of these
seals.
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