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164 IV. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 13891520).
generations been unsuccessful rivals and determined
enemies of the Stures. Gustavus himself was of a stubborn
and obstinate temper. It is said that as a wilful child he
refused to follow his step-mother and the other children in
a boat journey from Strengnas, and in consequence escaped
accidental death by drowning, which the other three suf
fered. He was persevering also in his studies at Cologne,
and was one of the first of his countrymen to learn Greek.
Like many others of them, he spent several years at Rome,
from whence he only returned in 1512 to become Provost
of Linkoping. In less than two years he was elected arch
bishop (December, 1514), on the retirement of Johannes
Ulphonis. His confirmation and consecration at Rome
were procured from Leo X. by a letter from the young
administrator and considerable sums of money forwarded
by Eric Trolle, to which King Christian II. added four
hundred marks of silver. But the new archbishop was not
persuaded by the support of Sture to give up the family
quarrel and the Danish alliance. He was of an ambitious
character, and never forgot or forgave an injury real or
fancied. His object doubtless was to displace Sture by the
help of the Danes, and to get himself or his father elected
administrator. When Sten came to Upsala and held out
the hand of friendship and reconciliation to him in the
cathedral he refused his overtures with scorn. Hostilities
broke out between them, and it was decided at the Riksdag
of Arboga, 1516, that Christian should not be received as
king in Sweden. Again Sten offered Trolle peace, on the
condition of his giving up his castle, which he refused.
Then a Danish fleet appeared to support the archbishop,
which was beaten off. A second Riksdag was held at
Stockholm in 1517, at which the archbishop appeared and
defied the assembled estates. This was too much for the
nobles and people, who resolved unanimously that Staket
should be levelled to the ground, and the archbishop de
graded from his office as a traitor to his country. He was
kept in confinement therefore, and thus a formal breach
was made with Rome by the civil power of Sweden, a year
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