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iog V. THE REFORMATION (A.D. 15201592).
ing public opinion through the press and the pulpit,
especially in Stockholm ; they might now expect to be able
to work more publicly and corporately upon the national
life. But in 1539 the attitude of the king towards his old
advisers was almost entirely changed, and the steady pro
gress of the reformation in a Swedish Lutheran sense
was checked by the introduction of an ultra-reforming and
somewhat Calvinist regime under Von Pyhy and George
Norman.
This, therefore, seems a fitting moment to say some
thing of the literary activity of the first generation of
reformers, especially of Olaus Petri, and to state what
Sweden owes to him and to his brother, Laurentius,
7. WORK OF OLAUS PETRI. FALL OF OLAUS AND
LAURENTIUS ANDRE/E.
The main work of Olaus 16
was to popularize religious
thought of a simple evangelical character among his coun
trymen, and to do this through the medium of books and
popular preaching in their own language. The first
printed book in Sweden came out in 1483, but that was in
Latin. The first Swedish book was printed in 1495, and
the second in 1514. There were not ten works printed in
the language when the literary activity of Olaus began to
be displayed in 1526. In this year appeared the Swedish
New Testament, translated from Erasmus revision of the
Vulgate, with the help of Luther s early German version
a book which did much to form Swedish style, and to give
it purity of language and a natural and logical syntax.
The book bore no name, but, since the researches of Pro-
16
See H. Schuck : Olavus Petri, Stockholm, 1906, and J. E.
Berggren : Olaus Petris Reformatoriska Grundtankar in
Upsala Universitets Arsskrift, 1899, which draws its quota
tions from U. von Troils :
Skrifter och handlingar till upplys-
ning svenska kyrko och reformations-historien, Upsala, 1790
1791. Cp. H. Schiick : Vdra dldsta reformationsskrifter och
deras forfattare in Hist. Tidskrift, 1894, pp. 97-130.
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