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302 VI. GREAT KINGS AND BISHOPS (A.D. 15931718).
ments of theology.
53
It was, I presume, in the latter sense
that Matthiae s enemies used it in regard to him. For the
moment, indeed, the storm was stilled by the intervention
of Queen Christina against the Chancellor Oxenstierna, on
behalf of her old tutor. At one time the hopes of the
"
syncretists
"
were raised by the calling of a conference
at Thorn in Poland by the more tolerant king, Ladislas
IV. (1632 1648), in the year 1645, in which the aid of
Calixtus was invoked, though Lutherans were much
surprised to see him leading the Calvinists.
54
But the
party of Calovius prevented the Lutherans from making
any real concessions. On the other hand, the strict
Lutheran party could point to the danger of laxity of faith
as leading sovereigns to be reconciled to the Church of
Rome, and this was emphatically the case in Sweden in
the person of Queen Christina.
Later in his life, in 1656, Matthias gave even greater
offence by his Rami olivce septentrionalis, but he was also
protected by the new king, Charles X. Gustavus, who suc
ceeded on Queen Christina s abdication in 1654. He was
the son of Charles IX. s daughter, Katarina, and of the
53
See the careful article s.v. Synkretismus in P. R. E. 3
,
Vol.
19, by Henke and Tschackert.
I find it used in titles of books, e.g., "Davidis Parei notae in
Problema Theologicum, an Syncretismus fidei et religionis inter
Lutheranos et Calvinianos, ideo iniri vel possit vel debeat ut
antichrist! tyrannis conjunctis viribus et studiis facilius et
faelicius reprimi possit, a Leon. Huttero disputatum, apud Ion.
Ros., 1616," and "
Classicum Syncretismi Evangelici contra
Papistas, 1631," and others of which the titles are given in the
curious appendix or Syllabus Scriptorum at the end of Durie s
little book (see note 44).
54
See Chr. Remembr., Vol. 29, pp. 36-43 for a good de
scription of this conference between Roman Catholics, Lutherans
and Calvinists, which lasted from August 28th to November
2 1 st. The writer says :
"
The best account of the Charitative
Colloquy of Thorn is to be found in the Historia Ecclesiastica of
John Wolfgang Jaeger, Vol. i., pp. 689-703. . . . Abraham
Calovius in his History of Syncretism devotes no less than 360
pages to the Acts of the Colloquy."
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