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3g6 VIII. THE MODERN PERIOD (A.D. 18121910).
by a somewhat different number of persons in proportion
to its importance. All clergy entitled to perform duty are
electors of the clerical representatives, and the election is
direct. The election of lay representatives is indirect.
Members of the parish vestry or Kyrko-stamma elect the
electors. The electors vote by ballot, the returning officer
being appointed by the chapter. The electoral areas are
fixed by the king.
A deputy is chosen to take the place of every member of
the council (whether clerical or lay) in case he is not able
to attend. At the meeting of the council the archbishop
presides, or, in his absence, a bishop appointed by the
king. The lord chancellor and the minister of ecclesias
tical affairs may be present and join in the discussion ;
but
they may not vote unless they are elected representatives.
Business introduced by the king takes precedence of
other business. As we have seen, there is a distinction
between measures which come up from the Riksdag and
purely ecclesiastical matters, which are within the adminis
trative competence of the crown, such as changes in the
Prayer Book. No change can be made in these matters
unless two-thirds of the members present accept it. With
regard to other business, the council regulates its own pro
cedure. Every member of the council has one vote, and
voting is by ballot. The expenses of the council and its
members are paid by the State.
In the Working Order it is provided that the number of
clerical and lay members on a committee must be equal
(sec. 14). All general meetings of the council are piilolic
(sec. 26). The president appears to have little power, and
has not even a casting vote. If votes are equal a lot is
practically cast to determine the issue.
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