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small white polled cow, closely related to the Swedish
cow from Jämtland; this is a small mountain breed,
found chiefly in the country along the Torneå and
Kemi rivers. The breed which the farmers are now
especially trying to develop is a little larger than these,
and found mostly round Kiuruvesi in the north-east.
It is light red in colour with white spots, mostly with
a white head and a white line on the back. In
Southern Finland the breed is rather larger, and more
often dark red in colour, or sometimes white with red
spots. A cow of Finnish breed usually weighs about
660 pounds and gives from 1300 to 2300 kilos of
milk per annum; the milk being fairly rich, so that
from 17 to 20 kilos go to a kilo of butter. It is a
question, however, whether the better class of farmers
will care to wait for the development of these native
breeds. At the cattle-shows to-day cows of Finnish
breed meet with especial recognition, as do also, to
some extent, the Ayrshires.
Coincidently with the increase of dairy business,
more pigs are kept; though at present there are only
some 200,000 of them. The Finnish pig is accustomed
to living in the woods and on the pasture lands, and
does not therefore fatten as rapidly and cheaply as
is desirable. The ordinary good English breeds are
being imported. The duty on maize in Finland, as in
Sweden, is a great difficulty in the way of keeping and
fattening pigs; it is 2 marks 25 p. per 100 kilos on
all maize coming from other countries than Russia,
and to bring it from Russia does not pay so well. The
duty on maize is also sufficient to prevent any profit
from poultry-keeping on a large scale, a business which
has not met with much attention in Finland. The
Danish farmers regard the free import of maize as
one of the main reasons why they are superior to
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