Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Forestry
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idea of the attraction of this forest country in Finland
and Northern Scandinavia, of this beautiful mixture
of pines and firs of different ages, mingled with birches
and other deciduous trees; of this ground covered with
rich mosses, junipers, ferns, flowers, and berries, the
whole broken by lakes and rocks of fresh natural
beauty. The inhabitants of a country where only
regular and uniform plantations are found cannot fail
to be deeply and especially impressed by such a scene,
and to find this forest land, though of course its
beauty varies in different parts of this large country,
very grand and interesting.
While Finland as a whole is not agriculturally
rich, it has some magnificent natural advantages;
among others its capability of producing the trees
which are most commonly used to-day for building-material.
The formations found on granite do not, as
a rule, make good agricultural soil, but they are an
excellent encasement for the large vertical roots of the
pine, and also for the long creeping roots stretched out
by firs. The gravel formed by glaciation, particularly
that which has been formed by brash (the Swedish
“krosstensgrus”) and also by rubble, is an excellent
soil for pines and firs. The pine is also content with
sand, marshes, and certain mosses; while the fir grows
better on wet ground. The rain everywhere is sufficient
in quantity for the growth of the trees, and the
most valuable of them are found very far northward.
There, however, their growth and multiplication is
retarded, and even their shape is different. The fir,
instead of assuming the shape of a pyramid with
longer branches below, grows more like a column;
and the pine does not attain any great height. In
consequence, probably, of the hindrance encountered
by its strong root as it strikes vertically downwards,
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