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the land. In Finland the amount is not so much,
but there, too, they have acquired about 2000 farms.
Sometimes they only work the forests and sell the
farms; sometimes they retain and sublet the farms or
grow hay on the land. As a rule, such companies
treat their woods better than the peasants, often
managing them according to the most scientific
methods of forestry; and it may be stated, as a general
rule, that forestry is one of those rare kinds of
business which can be worked better by a large proprietor
than a small one. Now, most of the large properties,
which, as we have seen, are not very numerous, are
found in the well-cultivated parts of Finland, not
especially in the forest country. Here, in the north,
in Kuopio, Eastern Vasa, and Northern Tavastehus, is
the part where the companies have bought land; in
one part of Kuopio they have bought a whole small
village. A company usually has the capital which is
necessary for the long business of bringing down the
lumber, and also for enabling the vendor to wait for
the best market. We will not here lay stress on the
democratic nature of the joint-stock company; its
shares are the means by which the people can take
part in the acquisition and holding of land. But even
if the forest property is bought with the intention
of felling the whole forest and perhaps selling the
land, this may be just the right thing to do, for many
public and private reasons. We have spoken, too,
about the participation of foreigners in forming these
companies, and thereby acquiring land; to get foreign
capital into the country is a well-appreciated advantage.
If the peasants sell their farms to the companies and
themselves prefer to be tenant-farmers or even carters
and timber-floaters under the company, they do it, as
a rule, because it is more advantageous for all parties.
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