Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Forestry
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be better appreciated if we remember how they were
formerly treated. Over large areas of the domains
the trees have been nearly all ruined, or the woods
cut down to obtain resin or tar. Elsewhere the forests
were burnt for the sake of two years of grain and
a little subsequent pasture. Even now there is a
constant succession of forest fires, mostly due to
negligence and to lack of necessary organisation when the
fire has to be combated. In some years the fires have
been fewer, but the area destroyed in this fashion
increased again during the period 1891-95 to an
average of 40,000 acres per annum. We have already
spoken of the increase of marshes and moss in spite of
a certain amount of work already done to check them.
Theoretically the modern forest administration of
Finland is perfect. In Germany, where in some
respects the theory and practice of forestry is best
understood and carried out, there are too often lapses
from both. In some German States, especially Saxony
and parts of Southern Germany, where the principles
of men like Pressler, G. Heyer, Judeich, Von Pfeil,
Endres and others have been adopted and well executed,
we find probably the finest and best utilised forests in
the world. In Prussia principles have been laid down
contrary to simple logic, such as, for instance, the
theory that in forest business the same interest on
capital ought not to be looked for as in other industries,
and in especial that we ought not to demand ordinary
interest on the capital-value of the trees because they
grow too slowly to produce such interest. It is said,
too, that forests ought to exist for the benefit of the
public without any expectation of large profit, and
that it should be regarded as beneficial to the people
to produce large forests even if this costs more than
the woods are worth. It is unnecessary to point out
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