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employing 6000 men, were in active work in 1898.
The total value produced in 1899 was 25 million
marks, against 19½ millions in 1898, and 5½ millions
in 1887. In the bad years of 1893 and 1894 the
production was less than half what is now produced.
Foundries, which mostly belong to this class, have in
seven years doubled their output, which amounted
to 11,000 tons in 1899. If we add together the total
production of all mines and metallurgical industries,
we arrive at a total value for 1899 of 51¾ million
marks, against a total of 44½ million marks in
1898.
Notwithstanding this large progress, especially in
the mechanical workshops, the import of machines
and details of machinery has increased from 4 million
marks in 1889, and 6 millions in 1891 (with a lapse
to 4 millions in 1893), to the very considerable amount
of 19⅓ millions in 1898. The amount was one million
marks less in 1899, because a smaller number of
new factories were erected than in the previous year.
On some of this importation there is a slight
irrational protective duty, which in some cases has been
mitigated, though insufficiently, by a grant of free
import to machines or parts of machines for the
establishment of new factories. Even iron or steel ships of
less than 700 tons and over 400 tons, when sold into
the country, pay a duty of 2 per cent.; all wooden
steamers pay the same, and iron or steel steamers
under 400 tons as much as 4 per cent. We have
already mentioned the recent and not very high duty
on agricultural and dairy machinery. In each of the
years 1898 and 1899, some 2¾ million marks’ worth
of agricultural machines were imported, and dairy
machines to the value of upwards of ⅔ million
marks. In the case of some machines, for instance
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