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of malt. It is a practice which penalises the most
progressive and economical production. Most of the
breweries in Finland are small ones. The largest
brewery, which is in Helsingfors, has now an output
worth 1⅔ million marks.
The social manners and customs of Finland and
Sweden encourage a large consumption of non-alcoholic
drinks, chiefly soda-water, with the result that factories
have been established producing comparatively large
quantities, the output in 1898 being worth about a
million marks.
The production of tobacco has also increased
considerably. The output of the factories was 10⅓ million
marks in 1898 against only 5 millions in 1889; the
largest factories being those of Strengberg in Jacobstad,
Von Rettig in Åbo, H. Borgström, junior, in Helsingfors,
and Sergeyeff in Viborg. The raw tobacco comes now
mainly from Russia, whence it pays less duty, the
amount imported from Russia being two-thirds of
the total value and a still larger proportion of the
quantity. The duty is not very high, but there is a
strong protective duty against prepared tobacco.
The progress of the printing offices is one more
demonstration of increased culture. In 1898 the
produce from these was worth 3¾ million marks against
only 2 million in 1893 and 1⅔ in 1889. If we add
to this the output of the lithographic establishments,
about one million marks in value, we arrive at a total
of about 5 million marks. Until the evil days of the
present political period Finland has also had more
than 200 newspapers, using about one million marks’
worth of paper per annum.
The most important manufacture, or at any rate that
which produces the largest values next to the
sawmills and machine factories, are the textile industries;
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