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cannot supply. The protective duty in this case also
amounts to about one-third of the value.
Hosiery and knitted goods are now made in several
establishments in Helsingfors and Tammerfors; in the
latter place the houses of Messrs. Dalberg & Co.
and the Klingendal Company produce goods of
considerable value. Here, too, protection is given by a
very high duty. No export of woollens to Russia on
a lower scale of duty is allowed; but the duty is lower
on a small amount of hosiery and knitted goods.
Ready-made clothes are manufactured to the value
of about four millions. The import duty is calculated
on the material, with a certain additional sum for the
work.
The Finlanders speak with some pride of these large
factories of cottons, woollens, linens, and knitted goods.
Several of the factories have now the most modern
machines from England and Germany, and some of
them give the impression of being admirably managed.
Still it is only with grave doubt that we can look at the
future of these industries, which, like many others in
Finland, rest altogether too much on tariff protection.
As long as they can increase their prices proportionately
to the amount of the duty, they may continue to
produce goods to the profit of their shareholders or
other proprietors; but at the same time they are doing
it to the loss of the nation. At present most of these
factories pay large dividends, though not quite such
large ones as some of the factories in Russia with the
still higher duties prevailing there; but the question is
how much of this revenue is due to the protective
duties. It does not create a favourable impression to
see several of the factories at the same time take up a
variety of different articles, change their patterns, and
so on. If they were not obliged to lay themselves out
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