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probably be so even if a special tariff did not contribute
to such a result. In 1899 the commerce amounted to
140 million marks, of which 85 millions were
represented by import and barely 55 by export. In 1898
the total was 132 millions, 82 import and 51 export;
in 1897, 120 millions, 72 import, 48 export; in 1896,
103 millions, 55 import, 48 export. When more
reciprocity was introduced in 1859, trade increased at
once; the export to Russia in 1861-3 was three times
what it had been in the previous decade. In the
years 1867-9 the trade with Russia was 52 per cent.
of the whole commerce with other countries. As the
rouble went down in value, particularly, for instance,
during the war with Turkey in 1877, this for the
moment caused a larger export from Russia to Finland
and less import from Finland to Russia; since, when
the value of money sinks, prices in the country do not
at once follow those of international trade, whose
prices are expressed in the money of the world. In
the seventies commerce increased with other countries,
without, however, diminishing that with Russia. The
above figures show that it is especially the imports
from Russia which have increased of late. The larger
part of this trade is a natural enough consequence of
the neighbouring position of the two countries and the
difference in their productions. It is due to no
tariff-favour that an import takes place from Russia of 37
million marks’ worth of grain, rye 158,000 tons, worth
24 million marks (including rye-flour 90,000 tons with
a value of 14½ million marks, and unground rye, 68,500
tons with a value of 9½ million marks), 23,000 tons of
wheat-flour with a value of over 7 million marks, 6000
tons of barley with a value of 1 million marks, 3000
tons of malt at a value of over 500,000 marks,
11,000 tons of oats with a value of 1½ million marks,
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