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A tax of 100 marks paid by traders in the country
is undoubtedly very reasonable. John Stuart Mill
is right when he says that it is neither in the interest
of the traders themselves nor in the public interest
that there should be too many places for retail trade.
A smaller number are equalty useful and expenses are
thereby saved. Including a small amount paid by
chemists, of whom a limited number only is allowed,
this tax brings in half a million a year.
Old duties on special industries, such as the iron-tithe
and the hammer-tax, have been abolished; but a tax
is still paid by the saw-mills as export duty on their
wares, and a similar duty is paid on other forms of
lumber. We have already referred to this tax when
speaking of the proposals to extend it. It ought to
be entirely abolished.
An income-tax to the State, voted by the Diet in
1863-4, and paid during the period 1865-85, is of
interest because there has been a proposal to
reintroduce the tax. In the beginning the first 500
marks of a man’s income was free, and, as the tax
was calculated per 100 marks, where the chargeable
income was above 500 marks, it was really the first 550
marks which was free. Later, this amount was only free
in incomes not exceeding 2500 marks; up to 5000
marks four-fifths per cent. was paid; up to 10,000
marks 1 per cent.; and for incomes exceeding 10,000
marks 11/5 per cent. The system was ingenious, but
the tax did not bring in nearly enough ; during several
years it only yielded half a million for the whole
country, and even later improvements did not
produce any good result. It was not difficult to find
out the salary of the officials and other permanent
incomes, but the great mass of small incomes were
not taxed at all. Experience proved here, as
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