Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XI. The Government of Finland and its Future
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divisions known as Military, Church and Public
Instruction, Agriculture, Commerce and Manufactures,
and Means of Communication. Under the Senate and
under these divisions are the usual subordinate offices
of Prisons, Sanitary Board, Custom-House, Treasury,
Audit, Commissariat of War, Schools, Agriculture,
Surveying and Enclosure, Manufactures, Pilots, Post,
Railways, and the peculiar Finnish Committee for the
Preparation of New Laws. These last-mentioned offices
are managed partly by a board with joint control and
partly by one chief director. Their operations extend,
according to circumstances, over the different parts of
the country.
The local administration is still organised in a similar
manner to Sweden, the provincial governors answering
to the Swedish landshöfdings; in each härad or
hundred there is a collector having also other executive
authority, and with him an accountant to keep inter
alia the tax lists, and under him small local executive
officials with police and other duties. In Finland the
parishes are of more importance compared to the
härads than is the case in the Scandinavian countries.
The reason is supposed to be that there was not much
political organisation before the country was conquered
and converted to Christianity, when the parish system
was introduced.
A peculiarity of the Finnish administration, even of
the law courts, is the large part played by election in
the appointments. Besides the three Superior Courts
there are sixty-three local judicial districts or
“Domsagor,” not entirely identical with the härads, of which
there are a larger number. The local judge, the
Häradshäfding or Domare, holds courts regularly
twice a year in each of the three or four districts
(“tingslag”) into which each Domsaga is divided.
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