Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XI. The Government of Finland and its Future
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everywhere. The pastors take care as formerly that
such are established and maintained, and in their
capacity as directors of religious instruction they can
test the children’s ability to read. The lower-grade
schools are, however, largely only migratory, the teachers
only remaining a short time in each place; but there
are also permanent schools of this class, in which case
the beadles or vergers assist. In these schools religion
and reading are always taught, and generally arithmetic,
writing, and some other subjects. The masters
and mistresses are partly educated in small seminaries
and partly manage without special education. The State
contribution to the schools is not very considerable;
regular subventions are only given to the Communes
in the Greek Orthodox districts of the south, where
the poverty of the peasants is given as a reason for
such assistance. Outside these parishes, however, the
State pays for the religious instruction of all Greek
Orthodox children. The elementary schools in Finland,
like many other departments, have, however, made
great progress since the time of Alexander II. The
law of 1866 ordered that seminaries should be
established for the education of teachers, and formulated a
programme for the so-called higher elementary schools
in town and country. Uno Cygnæus was the man
who did the best part of this work. The State was
obliged to help as soon as the Communes had done
their part, and the towns were at once compelled to
establish higher schools for the children. In the
country this was left to the decision of the Communes,
until in 1897 the Estates passed the law which now
obliges all Communes throughout the country to
establish within a period of ten years enough of these
higher schools to give instruction to all children
between nine and sixteen years of age. In other matters
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