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to have been of a divided opinion. After having
expressed the desirability of keeping the Scottish officers “ in
good humour” (2nd November, 1637), levies were
recommended in November of the year following, but their
discontinuance was thought advisable on the 5th of March
1639.1 Meanwhile the Thirty Years’ War ran its course
till all parties were bled almost to death. Long
deliberations followed, and when at last peace was signed, Sweden
had gained large territories in Germany, and the undisputed
supremacy of the Baltic.
Scarcely, however, had she recalled her troops or
garrisoned them in the newly acquired provinces, when
war again broke out against the Danes and Poles. New
efforts had to be made to put an army into the field able
to cope with a powerful enemy. On the 29th of May
1655, Karl X. (Gustaf), who, being the first king of the
house of Pfalz-Zweibrucken and a nephew of the great
Gustavus, had succeeded Queen Christina, in 1654 issued
an order in which Colonel Jacob Sinclair was authorised
to raise one regiment of Scottish infantry, ten companies
at one hundred men each, not counting officers, and
complete the levy with the utmost despatch, so as to be ready
within three months. At the same time he promised for
each soldier (Knecht), as recruiting-money, the sum of
12 Thaler.2 Again, in April 1656, Colonel Cranstoun
brings over a regiment of Scottish soldiers, consisting of
six companies, another to follow in the month of August.5
They were afterwards garrisoned in Stade, a small town
of Northern Germany; when there the King addressed a
very high-sounding Latin letter to them, exhorting them
to be loyal and prove their courage against the “insult”
1 Riks Rådets-Protok.
2 Riks-A. Registr.
3 Anteckningar om Svenska och Finska Fanor, by T. J. Petrelli.
Stockholm, 1892, pp. 10 f.
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