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enemy.1 This and the old traditions of Scottish warriors
under Gustavus Adolphus led many of the Pretender’s
adherents to seek refuge in Sweden.
An example of this is told us in the history of Göteborg.
It there appears from a lawsuit in 1716, between one Lars
Gathenhielm and the Captain of a French ship, called La
Paix de Calais, that this ship had orders to sail to Scotland
and there to take on board a number of officers who had
served the Pretender against the King of England, and
who were now, after the failure of their rising, compelled
to save their lives at whatever cost. The vessel had
twenty Scotsmen on board, among them “ Lord Duffus,”
who landed here, whilst the ship was to return to Scotland
to take up other fugitives who in “ woods and mountains ”
waited for the opportunity of escaping.2 The news is
confirmed by John Norcross, the famous pirate-chief of
England, who tells us in his autobiography that he found
in Göteborg a great number of unfortunate men who all
had fled from Scotland after the defeat of the Pretender.3
It was common in those days to fit out privateers, and by
their prizes to fill the exhausted Royal exchequer.
After what we have said of the adventure-loving
1 France made overtures to persuade Sweden to support the Jacobites;
five or six thousand men were to land in Scotland under command of
General Hamilton, whilst a sea-expedition under Captain Christophe was
to assist at the landing. Large sums of money were collected by the
Jacobites and handed over to Baron Görtz, the Swedish representative, in
order to pay for the levies, ships, ammunition, etc. But the King of
Sweden himself was only partly let into the secret. The whole matter
seems to have been overrated by the English Government. See F. F.
Carlsson, Om Fredensunderhandlingarne 1709-1718, Stockholm, 1857;
Fryxell, Berättelser, xxix. pp. 42-64.
2 See Berg, Samlingar till Göteborgs Hist. ii. 154. Lars Gathenhielm
was a notorious privateers-man, son of a skipper, ennobled afterwards by
Charles XII.
8 See Berg, The Days of Great Disturbances, Göteborg, 1900, pp. 7 fF.
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