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TO THE NORTHERN PARTS OF RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 35
believing rather the king’s letters, which our men brought, than the lying and falfe
fuggeftions of the Flemings, ufed no ill intreaty towards them.
Yeraflave.
Yeraflave alfo is a town of fome good fame, for the commodities of hides, tallow,
and corn, which it yields in great abundance. Cakes of wax are there alfo to be fold,
although other places have greater ftore. This Yeraflave is diftant from Mo‘co about
two hundred miles; and betwixt them are many populous villages. Their fields yield
fuch ftore of corn, that in conveying it towards Mofco, fometimes in a forenoon, a man
fhall fee feven hundred or eight hundred fleds going and coming, laden with corn and
falt fifth: the people come a thoufand miles to Mofco to buy that corn, and then carry
it away upon fleds ; and thefe are thofe people that dwell in the north parts, where the
coid is fo terrible, that no corn doth grow there, or if it {pring up, it never comes ts
ripenefs. ‘The commodities that they bring with them are falt fith, fkins, and hides.
Vologda. z
Vologda being from Mofco five hundred and fifty miles, yields the commodities of
hemp and flax alfo ; although the greateit {tore of flax is fold at Novogorode.
Plefco.
The town of Plefco is frequented of merchants for the good ftore of honey and wax
that it yieldeth.
Colma TO.
The north parts of Ruffia yield very rare and precious fkins; and amongft the reft
thofe principally which we call fables, worn about the necks of our noble women and
ladies : it hath alfo martin’s fkins, white, black, and red fox fkins, fkins of hares, and
ermines, and others, which they call and term barbaroufly, as beavers, minxes, and
minivers. The fea adjoining breeds a certain beaft which they call the mors, which
- feeketh his food upon the rocks, climbing up with the help of his teeth. The Ruffles
ufe to take them for the great virtue that is in their teeth, whereof they make as great
accompt as we do of the elephant’s tooth. Thefe commodities they carry upon deers’
backs to the town of Lampas, and from thence to Colmagro, and there in the winter
time are kept great fairs for the fale of them. ‘This city of Colmagro ferves all the
country about it with faltand falt fifh. The Ruflians alfo of the north parts fend thither
oil, which they call trane, which they make in a river called Una, although it be alfo
made elfewhere : and here they ufe to boil the water of the fea, whereof they make
very great ftore of falt. ;
Of controverfies in Law, and how they are ended.
Having hitherto fpoken fo much of the chiefeft cities of Ruffia as the matter re-
quired, it remaineth that we fpeak fomewhat of the laws that the Mofcovites do ufe, as
far forth as the fame are come to our knowledge. If any controverfy arife among
them, they firft make their landlords judges in the matter ; and if they cannot end it,
then they prefer it to the magiftrate, The plaintiff craveth of the faid magiftrate that
FP 2 he
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