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ACCOUNT OF DANISH LAPLAND BY LEEMS. 389
inclofure a fire is made. Near each end of the fire two columns are eretted of a mo«
derate thicknefs, with one end in the ground, and with the other raifed up to the gutter.
On thefe two columns two beams, in Lapland, called Balkok, are lodged, on which
other poles are laid acrofs, from which are hung wooden hooks, that hold up pots and
kettles on the fire.
Whilft the fire is burning on the hearth, a certain ventilator is provided in the houfe,
near the gutter, with this view, left, while the fmoke is afcending through the gutter,
the wind, blowing with greater violence, it fhould be ftopped. he ventilator itfelf is
applied to that fide of the gutter which is towards the wind, fo that if the wind rifes in
the north, the ventilator is ereéted on that fide of the gutter.
The maritime Laplanders, before they go to bed, extinguifh all the logs, which are
moved from the hearth by means of a {tick filled for that purpofe with cold water.
Then, letting out all the {moke, they climb up to the roof by means of rafters, named
in Lapland Tappaldagak, to fhut the gutter. At that end of the fire-place which is
oppofite the door, are placed two trunks of the birch-tree, an ell afunder from each
other. Thofe form on the floor of the cottage not far from the door, a long but
narrow fpace, where, whenever the fire is to be lighted, pieces of wood are to be put,
which confift of trunks and branches from trees frefh cut. Here too the gueft or
ftranger muft ftand who fhelters himfelf under their hut, until the father himfelf of the
family, or fome other member of it, invites him to a nearer approach.
Near the other end of the fire-place, looking towards the interior fide of the cottage,
Oppofite to the gate, are placed likewife two trunks of the birch-tree, on branches at the
exat diftance of an ell from each other; which, as the former juft mentioned, make a
long but narrow fpace, where kettles, plates, and other utenfils of this fort are placed.
Here is affixed a brazen veflel filled with fnow water, where the Laplanders, whenever
need or inclination calls them, quench their thirft.
From what has hitherto been {tated, it is eafily colleéted, that, from the outfide door
to the inner fide of the hut, things prefent themfelves in this order: firft, not far from
the entrance, between two logs of the birch-tree, laid on branches, is a fpace or cer-
tain limited dimenfion ; then the fire-place, which is raifed in the middle of the floor,
from rough ftones ranged in two heaps; and next is another {pace or divifion near
the interior corner of the hut, made like the firft. On each fide of the fire-place, and
of the faid fpaces, are two beams on boughs with which the floor is covered, at the
diftance of two ells from one another, reaching by one end to the fire, by the other to
the wall. ‘Thefe beams form three {paces or meafures on each fide, one near the door
at the fides of the birch trunks, where the wood for firing is placed; another in the
middle of the hut near the fides of the fire-place, and a third at the fides of thofe trunks,
where their kettles, difhes, &c. &c. are kept. In any one of the faid {paces or divifions the
hide of a rein-deer is fpread along the floor, left the {trewed branches of the trees fhould
incommode them too much either when they fit or liedown. ‘The hut is inhabited
but by one family, the father of the family and his wife occupy the one fide for them-
felves with its three divifions, leaving the other to the children and fervants. But if
there are two families, each has its fide with all the divifions belonging to it, fo that the
one father of the family is placed in the inward divifion of the fide he has got, which is
the moft honourable in the hut, and is called Bo/shio-Kiaezhie, the children in the:
middle, called Ga/ff-Loido, and the fervants in that which is the next to the door, and is
the worft of all, called in Lapland Ur/a-Kiaezhie. ‘The other father of the family dif-
pofes in the fame manner as the former, the part of the hut which he has duly obtained,
affigning to each member of the family its own peculiar portion of it
He
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