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COXE’S TRAVELS IN DENMARK. 313
fleet is generally moored at Copenhagen, except four or five fhips of the line in the ports
of Norway, a frigate ftationed off Elfinore, another lying off the ifle of Funen, and a
{maller veffel on the Elbe, befide a frigate or two which annually make a cruize.
In 1779, the year of the armed neutrality, the northern powers fent out different ar-
maments; that of Denmark, which was fitting out in the fpring, confifted of ten fhips of
the line, four frigates, and two floops of twenty guns ; and-the expence of the equip-
ment was chiefly fupplied by an additional duty of one per cent. laid on all imports,
and half per cent. on exports. For manning this fleet one thoufand fixed failors were
felected, three thoufand five hundred regiftered from the country, and one thoufand
marines.
The chief nurfery * for naval officers is the Academy of Marine Cadets, inftituted by
Frederic IV.in 1701. The foundation is for fixty cadets, who are maintained and in-
ftruéted in the theory of navigation at the expence of the crown. Every year they
make a cruize on board a frigate. Befide the original number, other youths are ad-
mitted, under the name of volunteers, at their own expence.
The eftablifhed religion of Denmark is the Lutheran. ‘he hierarchy confifts of -
twelve bifhops, or fuperintendants ; fix in Denmark, four in Norway, and two in Ice-
Jand. There is no archbifhop; but the bifhop of Zealand, who is firft in rank, and
the bifhop of Aggerhuus, are metropolitans.
The annual revenues of the fees are: In Denmark: Zealand 1oool.; Funen 76ol.;
Aarhuus 60ol. ; Aalborg 4ool.; and Ripan gool. In Norway: Chriftiana or Ag-
gerhuus, 4ool.; Chriftianfand 6ool.; Berghen 4ool.; and Drontheim 4ool. In Ice-
land: Skalholt rsol.; and Holun 150]. ‘Thefe two laft bifhoprics, although far in-
ferior in nominal value to the former, are, if we take into confideration the cheapnefs
of living in Iceland, perhaps equal in real profits to the largeft of the others.
The inferior clergy are provofts or archdeacons, parifh-priefts and chaplains. Each
diocefe is divided into a certain number of diftriéts, of which the provofts have the in-
fpection, and each diftrict into parts. A large parifh, befide the principal church, has
one or more chapels of eafe. The parifh-priefts receive their falaries principally in
glebe, tithes, and furplice fees, and in fome places from the voluntary contributions of
the parifhioners. ‘The profits vary in the different parts, according to the cheapnefs of
provifions and other incidental circumftances. In Denmark the livings feldom exceed
4ool., or fall fhort of 60l. per annum, Jutland excepted, in which peninfula there are a
few fcarcely worth 20l. In Norway the higheft may be rated at 200l., and the loweft
at 6ol. In Iceland fome parifhes fcarcely bring in 3I. or 4l. a year. A clergyman’s
widow ufually receives the whole profit of her hufband’s cure for the year immediately
following his deceafe, and a penfion from his fucceflor, amounting to the eighth of the
annual income.
Cuap. IV.—Univerfity of Copenbagen.—Royal Academy of Sciences.—Royal Society for
the Improvement of Northern Hi/tory and Languages.—Latin Schools in the Danifh Domi-
nions.—Re/earches into the Origin and Progrefs of Icelandic Literature.x—Flora Danica.
—Oeceder and Muller.—Regenfufs on Shells, Fc. Fc.
COPENHAGEN contains, among other literary inftitutions, an univerfity, and an
academy of fciences. The univerfity was founded in 1479, by Chriftian I. and has
been augmented and amply endowed by his fucceflors ; among{ft whom Chriftian VI.
* Lettres fur le Dannemark, p. 10.
VOI. YI. $ Ss was
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