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5 FORTIA’S TRAVELS “IN SWEDEN.
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jchoerle is {cmetimes found; mountain leather (cuir de montagne); mountain flefh
“(chair de montagne); mountain cork; amianthus, occafionally blended with galena;
green, yellow, and black ferpentine; red garnets in galena; folid black trapp; ftcea-
lites; potter’s flone; and brown mica.
From Sahla to -Afveftad, four miles and a half, by Brodbo and Viggarn?. At the firlt
- ftage you have a charming profpeét of a lake, which you crofs over a raifed way: the
roads were good enough the two firft {tages, at the third they were bad. Near Sahla
you crofs a imall river which furnithes water for the works of the mine. A quarter of
a mile before you reach Viggarné is a darrier, with a cultom-houfe, belonging to the
proprietors of Sahlberg mine; after which, on the left, you pafs over a bad bye road,
leaving the highway to Afveftad on the right. As you leave Viggarne you return af-
ter a long courfe to the highway. The froft was entirely gone at Stockholm, yet at
Sahla we found the lakes were ftill frozen over, and in different parts the fnow yet laid.
On this road we did not meet with fo many gates as between Stockholm and Sahla ;
and thefe are very incommodious, as they fo frequently oblige you to defcend in order
to open them. Dalecarlia begins at about the middle of the laft ftage.
Afveftad. The refinery cf copper is the only interefting object in this little town ; for
which eftablifhment there is a quarter fet apart of pretty large extent. You cannot
leave the town without prefenting at the gate the infpeCtor’s ticket (the infpettor is Mr.
Stokenftroeum, who conducted us every where, but who underftands the Swedifh lan-
guage alone). The firft refiner of this eftablifhment was Marcus Kock, born in 1585,
he died 1649, as is feen by his portrait at the infpector’s houfe ; he was born at Liege,
and was ennobled by Guftavus Adolphus. We were firft fhewn the furnaces in which
the copper is melted, which comes from Fah/un; each furnace melts from five to fix
fhippunds, when put in it is called rokoppar, and becomes garkoppar ; that which is not
pure copper pafles again into another furnace ; this firft procefs generally takes up fix
hours ; it is however of longer or fhorter time according to the purity of the copper.
The copper is laid in bars, with the coal above, in crucibles fhaped like an inverted
cone; at the bottom is a bed made of charcoal and clay, mixed together as at Sahla.
There are fix crucibles and furnaces for this operation in three fhops, each of which has
four workmen. When the copper is in a ftate of fufion, the firft fheet or layer is fuffered
to cool in the open air, afterwards on the others water is thrown, and the whole is with-
drawn by layers, which become fmaller and fmaller on account of the fhape of the cru-
cible ; thefe are laid in piles one &bove another; the crucibles contain about 40 layers
more or lefs: the fineft particles of copper rife and adhere to iron bars placed infide
the chimney, from which they are afterwards withdrawn. Each furnace has an im-
menfe bellows worked by water. Nothing but charcoal is ufed, of which there are
large warehoufes full; the annual confumption is twelve thoufand lafts, each of twelve
tons. There is another building, in which are two machines that work eight peftles
for pounding the clay and charcoal, of which the bed of the crucible is made, and to
which many particles of copper adhere; afterwards this duft is wafhed the fame as
at Sahla. Between thefe two pounding machines you pafs under a vault, whence falls
a very pretty imall cafcade. In another building are fix hammers for flattening the
copper into fheets: there are befides fmaller hammers for thofe fheets of which copper-
ans and other utenfils are made. In the fame place with the hammers for flattening
are alfo two furnaces, one contains a veflel in which the metal is fufed, whence it is la-
dled out and poured into moulds made of charcoal, clay, and iron mixed together ; in
thefe it cools, and while yet red, it is withdrawn from the moulds and placed beneath
_ the hammers. It is afterwards heated anew feveral times until it be fuiliciently flattened :
the
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