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862 coxr’s TRAVELS IN RUSSIA.
By doubling this number for the females, we have for the peafants
ie Sane in the whole Ruffian empire, i P a 25,514,360
To this we muft add nobles, : § te bdatdes
Clergy and their families, s rs mi < 120.608
Merchants and families, - = a oon
_ Natives of Crim Tartary and the Kuban, = s aces
Wandering hordes of Siberia, - - : 600,c00
And the total population of the Ruffian empire will, according to
this etanate be : ie _ 6 ‘ 26,764,360
A number, however large, greatly difproportioned to the extent of the empire *.
The revenues of Ruffia, befides the impolts paid by the Ukraine, and by the pro-
vinces conquered from Sweden, chiefly arife from the poll-tax ; the duties of import
and export ; the excife upon. falt; the crown and church lands; the profits of the
mint; and the fale of {pirituous liquors, and a few other articles.
The poll-tax was introduced in 1721 by Peter I.; and, at the acceflion of Catha-
vine II. was exacted from all perfons, excepting the nobles and gentry, clergy, navy,
army, the Coffacs, the inhabitants of the Ukraine and Conquered Provinces. ‘All who
* This eftimation of population in Ruffia was, in 1785, fufficiently exact, and confidered fo by the
jaft ftatiftical writer in Ruffia, who adopted the general ftatement from my account ; fince that period
a great acceflion of fubjects has been gained by the territorial acquifitions, and fome increafe of the popu-
lation from natural caufes.
Population in the new Acquifitions :
Dikri@ of Otchakof, 1791 - - = 40,000
By fecond partition of Poland, 1793 - - 3,745,000
By the conqueft of Poland, 1795 - - - 1,407,000
Courland - - mite - 387,000
1579;000
Probable addition by the excefs of the births over the deaths, in the whole ade
empire, for 15 years - - - 1,500,000
‘ ‘ 079,050
Population in 1784 - - . ob 78s, 360
Population in 1800 : - - 33,863,300
Storch, in his Hiftorical Account of the Ruffian empire, eftimates the population at 36,152,000, in
1797. But he feems to have exaggerated the number, by allowing an increafe of 250,000 a year, and
putting, therefore, the increafe during ten years at 3,0Cc0,000. i.
Mr. Tooke, in the fecond edition of his view of the Ruffian empire, greatly exaggerates the population,
by fixing it at 40,000,000. He grounds his calculation on the tables of births and deaths given in the
Hamburgh Politifches Journal, and proceeds on the principle, that only one perfon in fifty-eight dies
annually. This calculation is erroneous, on two accounts: firft, the lift of births and deaths is not ac-
curate ; it being.a well known faé, that the number of deaths was diminifhed, and of the births augmented,
to gratify the fovereign with an idea, that the population was rapidly increafing. A ftriking example oc-
curred during my firlt journey to Peterfburgh: only a few of the numbers who perifhed in confequence of
the cold or intoxication at the féte mentioned in p. 227, were included in the bills of mortality. Secondly,
when the prevalence of thofe difeafes which Mr. Tooke himfelf enumerates, and the number of cafualties in
Ruffia, are confidered, it will appear to any perfon in the leaft accuftomed to fuch kinds of calculation,
that the annual mortality muft be more than one in fifty-eight. ’
5 were
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