Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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22
farkoster, undtagen baadene, at de vare malede (steind)
ovenfor vandgangen (fyrir ofan sjö), hvad der ogsaa
sees paa broderiet i Bayeux. Dog omtales, saavidt be-
kjendt, kun ved ét skib!) den farve, man havde brugt,
idet der siges om Aasbjørn Selsbanes byrding eller han-
delsskib, at det var malet ovenfor vandgangen med hvid
og rød farve. Som bindemiddel i malingen kan man
ikke have kjendt nogetslags vegetabilsk olje eller særlig
linolje, og i dens sted blev derfor vistnok brugt tran,
maaske navnlig af haakjærring ligesom paa Island, hvor
dette slags tran særlig for maling endnu var almindelig
anvendt i begyndelsen af vort hundredaar*).
Ethvert egentligt skib havde sin baad (eptirbåtr,
skapsbatr).
ind og i alle fald paa handelsskibe sat bag masten oven-
paa ladningsstabelen (bulkt, bunk, farmr)*).
bedes baaden efter skibet, og i Bergens bylov haves
Denne blev, naar man gik til havs, taget
Ellers slæ-
endog bestemmelse om, at dens fangeline (båtfestr) da
skulde være saa lang, at den naaede til bagerste kant af
bunken, naar baaden var halet tæt til skibet.
Til hvert skib hørte der ogsaa baadshage (båtshaki,
forkr) og landtaug (festr), der vistnok som oftest var af
bast (basttaug) men undertiden, som endnu paa jægter
nordenfor Bergen, af fæhaar (hårtaug), endvidere bund-
fæste og landgang (bryggja). Bundfæstet bestod paa min-
dre farkoster eller baade af stjöri, formodentlig en dræg
eller, som flere steder endnu, en sten surret til et krum-
re (1 almuesproget: krabbe eller krakje). Egentlige
skibe havde derimod ankere (akkeri) af jern med tilhø-
rende stok, ring og taug, hvortil kom ifølge yngre lands-
lov, og saaledes vel først i senere tid, en boje (hnakk-
mot). I forbindelse med ankeret stod inde i skibet i alle
fald i senere tid et spil (winddss) med tilhørende støtter
(vindåsdokka) og haandspager (vindåsspika). Det fortælles
saaledes*), at da Haakon den unge i 1253 med Krossuden
kom ind paa havnen i Ekerøerne i Baahuslen og lod kaste
anker, svajede skibet saa stærkt, at der gik ild i spil-
dokken, da tauget løb ud, saa man frygtede for, at det
vilde brænde, hvorfor junker Magnus slog en bøtte med
øl derover. Paa store skibe havde man ogsaa flere an-
kere, som kan sees af fortællingen om kong Haakon
1) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 367.
p. 49, Gret. s. kap. 17, Flateyarb, III, 63, Biskup. s. I, 422.
2) F. MAGNUSEN, Bidr, til nord, Archeologi p. 89.
indeed be perceived from the Bayeux tapestry, that as
an embellishment, all kinds of vessels except mere boats,
were painted (sfeind) above their water line (fyrr ofan
570).
ted what colour was used, in as much at is it recorded
Only in respect of one vessel’) however is it sta-
that Aasbjorn Selsbane’s «byrding» or merchant ship was
painted above the waterline in red and white colours.
No kind of vegetable oil or specifically linseed oil could
then have been known as an ingredient in the paint, and
therefore in its stead doubtless train-oil was employed,
perhaps that from the Greenland shark, as.in Iceland where
specially that sort of train-oil remained in general use for
the purpose, even at the commencement of our century *).
Each particular ship had its boat (eptirdbåtr, skipsbitr)
which, when the vessel put to sea, was taken on board,
and at all events in merchant ships set behind the mast
When
this was not the case, the boat was towed after the
above the piled up cargo (dulki, bunki, farmr)3).
ship, and there is even found in the Municipal law of
Bergen, a regulation, that the painter (dåzfestr) should
be long enough to reach that end of the pile furthest
aft, when the boat was hauled close to the ship.
Further each ship was furnished with boat hooks
(dåtshaki, forkr) and shore rope (/estr) which doubtless
were most commonly made of bast (dasttaug), though
of Ber-
gen of cattle hair (Aårtaug), and still further. with
The bottom
fastening of the coasters and small boats consisted of
sometimes as even now on vyachts North
ground fastenings and gangway (7ygg7a).
stjöri probably a kind of grapnel, or as in some parts
yet, of a stone lashed to a timber crook, (called in the
vernacular Krabbe or Krakje). Ships properly speaking
had however anchors (aækeri) of iron with stock, ring and
cable attached, to which, in compliance with later legis-
lation and therefore first at a subsequent period, a buoy
(Znakkmidi) was added.
cent date, that the windlass (v:mdåss) with proper sup-
It was certainly at a more re-
ports (vindåsdokka) and handspikes (vindåsspika) was
placed in the vessel. The relation given*) is that when
Haakon the Vounger in 1253 came with the «Krossuden»
into the harbour in the Eker islands in Bohuslen and
cast anchor, the ship swung so heavily that the supports
of the windlass became so heated, when the cable was
run out, so that all feared it would take fire, wherefore
«younker» Magnus cast a bucket of beer upon it. Several
anchors also were taken on board large ships as may
be seen from the narrative concerning King Haakon
3) Egils s. kap. 60, Eyrbyggja s. ed. Vigfusson
*) Konungasög. ed. Unger p. 426.
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