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at vi faa en fuldstændig forestilling om disse huller og
hvad dertil hører. Som allerede ovenfor (s. 55) bemerket,
have de sin plads i det tredje bord ovenfra og midt
imellem hvert par knæer. Tallet af dem er paa hver
side 16, og deres tvermaal bliver lidt efter lidt mindre
mod begge ender af skibet i forhold til aarerne. I den
bagerste halvdel af hvert huls periferi og noget ovenfor
den horisontale diameter er udskaaret en liden split, af-
passet efter aarebladene, saa at disse kunde stikkes ud
indenfra, og da retningen af splitterne overalt er ens,
- have følgelig alle aarebladene i det øjeblik, da de skjødes
ud fra skibet, dannet samme vinkel mod vandfladen. For
derhos at hindre søen fra, naar der ikke roedes, at trænge
ind gjennem hullerne, dækkes de paa indsiden med
runde skyveluger (pl. I. fig. 4). Disse ere af ek og for-
synede med to, noget forskjellig formede fremspring
(pl. IV. fig. 5, 6, 9, 10), det ene for at optage den
nagel, hvorom lugen drejede sig, den anden for at dække
over aarchullets omtalte split. Lugerne aabnedes ved at
skyves forover, og hvilede, naar de lukkedes, ved split-
tens underkant mod en nagel, som omfattedes af en ind-
skjæring i lugens næb, saa at lugernes plade klemtes fast
mellem nagelens hoved og skibsplanken. Fire luger med
de tilhørende aarehuller mangle paa bagbordside, hvor
den oftere omtalte forhugning af skibet havde fundet
sted. Af de øvrige 28 ere 9 forsirede med udskjæringer;
en paa hver side af skibet har en cirkel i kanten af peri-
ferien, 3 paa bagbord (jfr. pl. IV. fig. 5) og 1 paa styr-
bord have koncentriske cirkler og 3 paa styrbord forskjel-
lige, korsdannede figurer (pl. IV. fig. 9, 10).
Hvad dernæst rorskarlene og deres plads angaar,
kan det for cet første neppe være tvilsomt, at mand-
skabet ogsaa ved skibe, ligesom i baadene (jfr. s. 24), ind-
tog en siddende stilling under roningen. Vel er der, saa-
vidt bekjendt, i de gamle skrifter ikke noget sted, hvoraf
dette med fuld sikkerhed kan sees, men et tilstrækkeligt
bevis derfor ligger i den omstændighed, at rorskarlenes
plads betegnes med ordet sess (sæde). Dertil konimer,
at den siddende stilling ikke alene var almindelig hos
Romerne, men ogsaa træffes baade paa Håggebystenen
1 Sverige!) og paa broderiet i Bayeux*). Hvorledes der-
imod selve sædet var beskaffent, og navnlig om det be-
stod af en gjennemgaaende tofte, ligesom i baadene, eller,
1) G. STEPHENS, Old North. Runicmonum. I, 190.
here we can and that for the first time, form a perfect
conception of these, with their belongings. They are, as
before stated (pag. 55) set in the third plank from the
top, and midway between each pair of knees. The
number on each side is 16, and their diameter is gra.
dually diminished from amidships towards each end in
proportion to the size of the oar fitted to each port. In the
furthest part backward of each port’s circumference, and
a little above its horizontal diameter a small slit is cut
through, to pass the oar blades, so that they might be ~
put through from within, and the direction of the slit
being alike in all the ports, each blade, when thrust out,
would meet the water-surface at the same angle. To
prevent influx of the sea through the ports when there
was no rowing, they were protected from the inside by
a circular oaken thutter (pl. J. fig. 4), fixed on both
sides and having two projections of diverse shape to
answer their diverse use (pl. IV. fig. 5. 6. 9. 10), that
of the upper one being to receive the spike by which
it is fastened to the ship’s innerside, and on which it is
moved to and fro, the other, to cover the before named
slit. All were opened by a forward movement, and,
when closed the lower ear rested against a pin at the
underside of the slit, to which it was hitched by a slot
in the ear itself, and the shutter by this means held fast
between the spike head, and the ship’s planking. Four
of these shutters with their correspondent ports were
wanting on the port side, where the so oft men-
tioned breach of the vessel had been effected. Among
the 28 shutters preserved 19 are without ornament; of
the remaining number, one has a circle scored out at
the edge of the circumference, 3 on the port (conf.
pl. IV. fig. 5) and one on the starbord side have several
concentric circles and 3 also on the latter side exhibit
various cruciform embellishments (pl. IV. fig. 9. 10).
Next, — relatively to the oarsmen and their posi-
tion, it can, in the first place, scarcely be a matter of
doubt that, as in the boats, so likewise on the ship, the
men while rowing held a sitting position (conf. pag. 24).
True it is that, for so much as is known, no passage
exists in ancient writings from which so much can be
surely predicated, but efficient proof is found in the fact
that the oarman’s place is designated by the word sess
(seat). And to this may be added, that the sitting posi-
tion was customary, not only among the Romans, but
‘that it is also shown on the Haggeby stone, in Sweden,
Nevertheless how the
placing of the seat itself was effected, and especially
and on the Bayeux tapestry ®).
2) Fowke 1. cit. pl. IV. V.
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