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Rev. Elias Newman 221
among the people in their own language. They have their Bible
societies, and these societies need not pay any carriage or freight for
shipping Bibles from one place to another.
The Greek Orthodox Church in Russia believes in seven mysteries
or sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Confession,
Ordination, Marriage, Unction of the Sick.
Their doctrine on baptism is the same as in the Roman Church,
except that they insist on a trine immersion. Respecting Holy Com-
munion, the Greek Church agrees more with the Church of Rome
than with the evangelical idea—viz.: every bishop, when consecrated,
swears that the transubstantiation of the body and blood of Christ
is effected by the operation of the Holy Ghost when the priest invokes
God the Father in these words, "And make this Bread the precious
Body of thy Christ."
They allow the use of the cup, however, to the laity, and allow
to infants the Holy Communion immediately after confirmation, which
is united to baptism. The orthodox Christians in Russia do not com-
municate more than once a year, though mass is celebrated every day
by the priest.
Points of Contrast
Some of the points of difference between the Russian Church and
the Western Church on the subject of the Holy Communion:
1. The name is different. In the East it is called a "Liturgy"; in
the West, "Mass." (The word "Mass" means an offering.)
2. There is a difference in place and time of celebration. In the
East the altar is invariably in the East. In the West, they are some-
times found in the West. In the East the altars are hidden from the
congregation; in the West, open.
3. In the Russian Church the Liturgy is in Russian, but in the
Roman Church it is always in Latin.
4. The Eastern Church declares that she does not define the manner
of the change of the consecrated elements; the Roman Church defines
and explains it.
5. The organ plays during the celebration in the Roman Church,
never in the Russian.
6. In the Russian Church the laity communicate in both parts; in
the Roman Church, only in one.
7. In the Russian Greek Church leavened bread is used, but in the
Roman Church unleavened.
Confession in Russia takes place once a year.
The invocation of the Saints is a doctrine received alike in the
Greek and Roman Churches.
The Greek Church admits prayers for the dead and even prays
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