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SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. 347
Chap. II. (p. 1^3.) Against the statement, that
the judge expounded the law along with the wisest
of the people, it has been remarked, that it was
the function of the lawman and of no other to
lay down the law in the Laud’s Ting, which we do
not dispute. But the expression in the text has
reference to an older condition of the common-
wealth, still so democratical as hardly to tolerate
the jurisdiction of a single person, unless in par-
ticular eases from sacerdotal authority. So late as
the time of Olave the Lap-king, a sentence passed
in a general assembly (Alsharjarting) was said to
be by the whole people (Allsherjardom, the doom
of all the host). It was not under such circum-
stances that the king or lawman could be the sole
expounder of the law ; though the jurisdiction of
the people in practice was naturally transferred to
some few of the chief and most able men as arbi-
trators and daysmen (whence the Chronicles of the
Kings expressly state of the last-named king, that
" he had always with him twelve of the wisest
men, who sat with him in judgment, and advised
in hard cases"), and with the development of legal
principles the judge appears more and more iu his
proper character.
G.
*
Chap. VII. (p. 87, n. 5.) That Magnus Eric-
son’s Land’s Law, notwithstanding the protest of
the clei’gy, was immediately received, appears
from a deed communicated to me by Professor
Schroder, in the count Bonde’s collection of monu-
ments at Sfefstaholm. In a letter of one John
Gregorson, dated Wexid, 1352, he declares that
he appoints a moxTowing-gift,
" secundum modum
ac formam legum per Dominum meum carissimum,
Dominum regera, nuper editarum."
H.
Chap. XVII. A few extracts from the work of
Monro, frequently referred to by Professor Geijer,
may not be unacceptable, as illustrative of the
character of Gustavus Adolphus, and the spirit of
his followers. As exemplifying the strictness of
his discipline, in an age of military license, we
quote the following :
—
"
Notwithstanding our easy march (to Old
Brandenburg) and good quarters, there were
some in both the regiments unworthy the name of
good soldiers, who, in their march, leaving their
colours, and staying behind, did plunder and
oppress the boors; for remedy whereof the soldiers
being complained on, accused and convicted, they
were made for punishment to suffer gatlop, where
they were well whipped for their insolency. Like-
wise on this march, some of our soldiers in their
ranks, their colours flying, did beat one another,
for which oversight I did cashier a sergeant, after I
had cut him over the head, for suffering such abuse
to have been done in his presence. . . . Andrew
Monro was executed at Stettin, for having, con-
trary to his majesty’s Articles and discipline of
war, beaten a burgher in the night within his own
house, for whose life there was much solicitation
made by the duchess of Pomeren, and sundry
noble ladies, but all in vain ; yet to be lamented,
since divers times before he had given proof of his
valour."—ii. 46.
Another passage shows the king m a different
light :
—
" The next day the duke of Saxony with a
princely train came unto Halle, to congratulate
his majesty’s victory (at Leipsic). . . .
Having
once been companions of danger together, they
were then entertaining one another’s familiarity,
in renewing of their friendship, confirmed again
with the German custom, in making tlieir league
the firmer, by drinking brothersliip together ;
where I having entered the hall, and being seen
by his majesty, i was presently kindly embraced
by holding his arm over my shoulder ; wishing
I could bear as much drink as old major-general
Ruthven, that I might helj) his majesty to make
his guests merry ;
and holding me fast by the
hand, calling to the duke of Saxony, declared unto
him what service our nation had done his father
and him, and the best last, at Leipsic," &c.
The intrenclied camp at Wei’ben is thus de-
scribed :
—" This leaguer lay along the side of the
river on a plain meadow, being guarded by the
river on the one side, and the foreside was guarded
by a long earthen dike, which of old was made to
hold off the river from the land; which dike his
majesty made use of, dividing it by sconces and
redoubts, which defended one another with flank-
ing, having batteries and cannon set within them,
alongst the whole leaguer. He did also set over
the river a ship-bridge for his retreat in need, as
also for bringing commodiously of provision and
succours from the connti’y and garrisons on the
other side, as Havelberg and others.
" In like manner his majesty did fortify the
town of Werben for his magazine, being close to
the leaguer, with works about it which defended the
leaguer; and the leaguer-works were made to de-
fend the town also, so that they could relieve one
another being in mo&t distress, and both the town-
wall and leaguer-wall were so thick and firm of
old earth, faced up with new, that no cartow
could enter into it. The bulwarks on which the
batteries were made for the cannon were also very
strong and formally built, and they flanked one
another, so that none could find but folly in pressing
to enter by storm. And betwixt the flankerers .
were left voids, for letting troops of horse in and
out, with booms before them, where strong guards
were kept for defending the passage.
" And on the one side of this leaguer were
planted above one hundred and fifty [lieces of
cannon, great and small, besides those that were
planted on the town-works; and our whole horse-
men were quartered within the leaguer."
Speaking of Tilly’s retreat from this intrenched
camp, he extols Gustavus as " a worthy king and
general, whose prudence and wisdom in command
were ever answerable to the dignity of his majestic
person, that ought and should be endowed with
infinite virtues, since infinite were those things he
had to foresee, and which are needful for a man
of his place. Infinite chances and altogether diverse
every moment wei’e set before him, in so nmch
that Argus’ eyes were too few for him, not only
in respect of the weight of his command, but also
in respect of the wit and prudence which was re-
quisite for him. All other commands belonging to
a soldier are so inferior to this of a general, that
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