Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. The Early Catholic Period in Sweden - A. The Church, Its Cult and Customs - B. The Crusades
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The Crusades 61
civil court. Later church property was exempted from
state taxation. For the support of the church and the
clergy the people paid a ten per cent tax on the yield
of the land, of live stock, and of hunting and fishing.
This tax is known as the tithe.*
B. THE CRUSADES
Crusades to the Holy Land. Near the close of the
eleventh century the Christian people of Europe were
seized with enthusiasm for the idea of rescuing the
Holy Land from the control of the Mohammedan Turks,
so that Christians might again worship at the Holy
Sepulchre and the places where the Lord Jesus had
suffered.
Hundreds of thousands of Christian warriors, high
and low, burning with zeal to rescue the Holy Sepul-
chre, moved in successive bands toward the East. Each
one carried a consecrated red cross on his shoulder,
hence, these expeditions were known as crusades.
Thousands upon thousands perished from heat, thirst,
and all sorts of privations, from plagues, and from the
arms of the Turks. But on they pressed, and after
miracles of heroic disregard of death, they finally se-
cured possession of Jerusalem.**
The Swedish Crusades. The Scandinavian peoples,
too, wished to go forth on crusades. The Swedes turned
* The archbishop of Bremen had jurisdiction over the Church in the Scandi-
navian North until 1104, when the bishop of Lund was made archbishop of the
North. Later each of the three kingdoms was made a separate ecclesiastical
province. Sweden received her own archbishop at Uppsala in 1164.
** A Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem wss established in 1099, which lasted
88 years, when Jerusalem again fell under the Turks. The Crusades continued
for nearly two hundred years. The last of the crusaders withdrew in 1291,
leaving the Turks in control of the Holy Land.
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