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Reign of Charles XI 195
CHAPTER XII
REIGN OF CHARLES XI, 1660-1697
A. PERIOD OP THE REGENCY, 1660-1672
The Regency. In the midst of wars Charles Gusta-
vus passed away, leaving the kingdom to a child of
four, his son Charles. Again Sweden had a board of
regents. It was composed of the queen mother and the
five chief ministers of state. Questions on which the
regents could not agree were to be decided by the whole
council.
Peace Treaties. The most important duty of the re-
gency was to secure peace for the overburdened peo-
ple. It succeeded beyond expectations. With Poland
peace was concluded at Oliva, a cloister near Danzig,
in 1660. By this peace Livonia was permanently ceded
to Sweden. By it, too, was ended the century-long
struggle for the possession of the Baltic Provinces.*
The same year peace was made with Denmark in Co-
penhagen. By this treaty Denmark recovered Born-
holm and the province of Trondhjem, and the bounda-
ries of the three northern countries were fixed as they
have ever since remained.
Misrule of the Regency. In this regency there was
unfortunately no such man as Axel Oxenstiern. There
were too many who wished to play masters, hence, the
*By this treaty the king of Poland renounced his claim to the Swedish
throne. In this treaty, too, Brandenburg and the Emperor were included. Peace
on the basis of status quo was concluded at Kardis with Russia in 1661.
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