Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - XIV. Reign of Ulrica Eleonora and Frederick I, 1719–1751 - B. Peace Treaties - C. Constitutional and Legislative Reforms
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End of the Great War 248
mies by separate treaties on the best terms she could
secure. To England-Hanover were ceded Bremen and
Verden in 1719 (at Stockholm) . Prussia received the
Southern part of Swedish Pomerania in 1720 (Stock-
holm). With Denmark peace was made without loss
of territory in 1720 (Fredriksborg) , but Sweden was
forced to give up her exemption from tolls in Oresund
and abandon her alliance with the Duke of Holstein-
Gottorp. Without aid, without resources, and for the
third summer attacked by the tsar’s incendiaries, Swed-
en had finally no other recourse than to submit to
Russia’s hard conditions of peace. In the Treaty of
Nystad, 1721, Sweden ceded to Eussia Livonia, Estho-
nia, Ingria, and southeastern Carelia.
Sweden had thus at last secured peace. But what a
peace ! The fruits of a century and a half of struggle
to secure and maintain a Swedish Baltic power were
lost. Sweden had alone sustained the first thrust of
the westward advance of the Russian Colossus. Alone,
too, she had to conclude the hard struggle which civil-
ized Europe should have united to sustain. But the
shortsighted policy of the other states was in the
course of time to avenge itself.
C. CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REFORMS
The New Constitution. This constitution, adopted in
1719, and somewhat modified in 1720, upon the acces-
sion of Frederick I, and the regulations of the Riksdag
in 1723, took the power from the king and vested it in
the Estates. They alone had the power to levy taxes,
make laws, and decide all other matters of importance.
They assumed control of foreign relations during ses-
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