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Foreign Relations 389
B. FOREIGN RELATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE
WORLD WAR
Policy of the North during the War. The World War
taught the three Northern peoples that they belonged
together and that in unity there is strength. Thou
they escaped the direct burdens of the war, they were
not exempt from its ravages. Many of their merchant
vessels engaged in lawful traffic, bound for their home
ports with goods greatly needed, were attacked and
sunk, ships, men, and all ;
others were captured, taken
to a foreign port, and there detained. These and other
violations of the rights of neutral nations led the three
Scandinavian nations to feel the need of mutual sup-
port. Hence. Gustav V of Sweden invited the Scan-
dinavian kings to meet at Malmo in December, 1914.
There the kings agreed on plans for a rational ex-
change of goods and on other measures for the relief of
economic difficulties which the war occasioned in the
North. They also agreed on united neutrality. Later
new meetings were held by representatives of the three
governments, and measures were agreed upon for the
good of the Scandinavian North.
Some Good Results of the War. As one happy result
of the war, Finland, after severe trials, freed itself
from Russian despotism and was recognized as an in-
dependent state. Its people had, however, to endure
the most terrible of all evils that can happen to a coun-
try, the horrors of civil war.
To the Danes likewise the war brought a great, a
long desired good fortune. At the Peace Conference of
Versailles, 1919, the great powers England, France,
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