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394 A History of Sweden
In the meantime the Dutch had built Ft. Casimir on
the west side of the Delaware a few miles below Ft.
Christina. This fort was captured by John Rising.
It was kept by the Swedes, was strengthened and im-
proved, and named for the day of its capture Ft.
Trinity.
The Fall of New Sweden. The energetic Peter Stuy-
vesant, then governor of New Netherlands, fitted out
an expedition for the conquest of New Sweden. Charles
X Gustavus, whose reign (1654-1660) was filled with
continuous wars with Poland and Denmark, failed to
protect his possessions in the New World. Governor
Rising was compelled to capitulate in 1655, and New
Sweden came to an end. The Dutch held the country
for nine years, when they in turn had to surrender to
the English in 1664.
In the articles of capitulation it was provided that
the Swedes were not to be disturbed in their posses-
sions, nor in their religion, and that they should have
the privilege of maintaining a pastor. Governor Rising
returned to Sweden the same year.
Extension of Swedish Settlements. In 1648, ten
years after the erection of Fort Christina, a settlement
was made about fifteen miles further up the river,
called Upland by the Swedes, now known as Chester,
Pa. Governor Printz had already taken possession of
Tinicum Island and there built a fort and official resi-
dence. These were the first settlements made by Euro-
peans in the present state of Pennsylvania, nearly
forty years before the arrival of William Penn.
Between the Delaware and the Schuylkill, on the
present site of Philadelphia, another settlement was
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