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St. Petersburg, but soon after, at the desire of his
mother, who could not bear to be separated from him,
he accepted a position as teacher in the grammar school
in his native town. Here he was married at the age of
twenty-two. After his mother’s death in 1853, he
returned to the capital, wrote a thesis on the relations of
art to nature, but in his oral defence gave utterance to
such radical ideas that the minister of education refused
him his diploma.
From 1853 to 1862 he wrote for Niekrásof’s newspaper,
Sovremennik, a large number of articles and
discussions of an economical, critical, and historical character,
which, from their way of treating the problems, and by
their ironic, satirical tone, awakened the greatest
attention. Tchernuishevski presented and criticised John
Stuart Mill’s “Political Economy,” the æsthetic criticism
of the Gogolian period, the party quarrels in France
during the Restoration, Lessing and his age, etc., treated
with the same superiority subjects of widely different
kinds, but had his principal interests centred on the
solution of certain great social problems, — the
arrangement of the relations between the sexes, the abolition
of serfdom, the abrogation of all individual property in
land for the good of the community.
Everything that he wrote was passed by the censor.
But in July, 1862, to the astonishment of all,
Tchernuishevski was arrested, and kept in custody in the
Petro-Pavlovsk prison, on the island of Neva, until May, 1864.
On the 24th of May, 1864, about eight o’clock in the
morning, in a pouring rain, a great crowd of men was
collected in St. Petersburg around a scaffold with a
pillory surrounded by soldiers in a hollow square.
Presently the wagon which was expected drove up, escorted
by gendarmes on horseback, and out of it alighted first
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