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of 1939 developed, as everyone recalls, because of
Nazi Germany’s purposeful and increasingly obvious
efforts to acquire control over Europe. In March,
1938, Hitler annexed Austria. In September of the
same year he secured control of Sudetenland,
Czechoslovakia, as a result of the famous Munich conference.
In March, 19839, he occupied Bohemia-Moravia and
thereby dismembered the Czechoslovakian state. A
short time afterwards, he inaugurated a violent
campaign against Poland, which brought on a new
peace crisis in the summer of 1939. Hitler declared
that Poland excercised a terrorist pressure against
the German population in Danzig, something he
could not tolerate. Prime Minister Chamberlain, who
tried as long as possible to continue the policy of
cooperation, declared that England was forced in the
eleventh hour to change its policy, and would support
Poland if it were attacked. German troops marched
up to the Polish border. On August twenty-third the
sensational news arrived that Nazi Germany had
made an alliance with the country that had so far
been considered as its own and the western world’s
deadly enemy: Soviet Russia.
The World War approached rapidly. All the
marvelous talk in New York about ”the world of
tomorrow” sounded ironic, in fact almost grotesque.
When I think of the impressions I received from my
journeys in Europe, which I still recall with utmost
clarity, the tragically sharp contrast between the
motto of the World’s Fair and developments in
Europe was especially strong. It is to be hoped
that the work of the United Nations, which at least in
the really important questions, has so far been
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