Childhood and Early Youth 17 to this day happy memories are recalled by the grateful pupil. One of Ellen Key's inefface- able impressions is of her grandmother giving her a toy after Ellen had been cross to her without reason. The heart of the five-year- old melted with gratitude and regret, and this experience was the foundation of Ellen Key's belief that children may be won by kindness rather than punishment. At Helgerum, a lovely old manor on a bay of the Baltic Sea, one hour's journey from Sundsholm, lived Ellen Key's only paternal aunt, the spiritual and richly gifted Baroness Marie-Louise Raab, nee Key. Here in the magnificent rotund music-room, which rose through two stories, Ellen Key would often enjoy music, or listen to her aunt by the fire telling of old times and people, a reminiscence which she relates in her Beauty for All. In the drawing-room with the painted hangings she would dream of herself sharing in the dramatic scenes of Racine's Esther, pictures that were the delight of her early years. In the near neighbourhood of Sundsholm, and belonging to it, was Kallernas. The simple, old-fashioned, red-painted house, which was reached by rowing across a little sound, and walking through the loveliest birch-grown