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paraterne og deres Brug. som jeg navnlig i 1876 men
ogsaa de følgende Aar indsendte til Direktionen for den
geografiske Opmaaling. Fremstillingen er imidlertid bleven
for en Del omarbejdet og udvidet, hvad der navnlig
gjælder Kapitlet om Navigationen. Efter Professor Mohns
Ønske er ogsaa medtaget de af ham, tildels til andre
Øjemed. gjorte Studier over Loddernes Udløbshastigheder, over
Varigheden af Lodninger og Skrabninger, over Vandloggens
Theori og over Kronometrenes Gang, hvis Resultater finde
sin naturlige Plads i denne Afhandling. Professor Mohn
har ligeledes ydet værdifulde Bidrag til Udarbejdelsen af
de denne Afhandling ledsagende Tegninger.
Skibet.
Det til Expeditionen lejede Dampskib. "Vøringen,"1
var bygget af Træ, og var 35m (140 n. F.) mellem
Per-pendiculærerne, 7m (22y2 n. F.) bredt, ståk 4m (13 n. F.)
agter og maalte Brutto 344 Tons. Maskinen var paa 55
nominelle Hestekræfter og gav, nied et Kulforbrug af 2
Tønder i Timen, Skibet en Fart af 7l/2 til 8 Knob i roligt
Vejr. Besætningen bestod af Chef, 2 Officierer, 2 å 3
Styrmænd. 1 Baadsuiand, 1 Tømmermand, 8 helbefarne og 8
halvbefarne Matroser, 2 Maskinister, 6 Fyrbødere, 1
Messekok, 1 Skibskok og 1 Tjener.
•’Vøringen" viste sig at være et usædvanlig godt
Sø-skib. og afgav i alle Dele tilstrækkelig Plads, uden at der
dog kunde siges at være Rum tilovers. Under
Expedi-tionerne var det, som Fig. 1 viser, foruden med de
almindelige Stag- og Gaffelsejl, tillige rigget med Topsejl paa
begge Master. Stængerne, der det første Aar (1876) vare
ganske korte, forlængedes, saavelsom Topsejlene, 0.m5 (U/a
Fod) i 1877 for at skaffe større Sejlareal, men dette var
alligevel for lidet til under almindelige Omstændigheder at bruges
alene. Heldigvis indtraf der intet saadant Uheld ved
Maskinen, at Expeditionen var henvist udelukkende til Sejlenes
Brug. De gjorde imidlertid ofte god Nytte saavel ved
Manøvrer som til at hjelpe paa Farten. Ved Skibets
Udrustning var forøvrigt ikke gjort Regning paa dets
Egenskaber under Sejl. Kulboxerne (Fig. 4 k) vare udvidede
med en Del af Lasterummet under Mellemdækket, saa at
de rummede indtil 1400 Tønder, en Forsyning, der var
fuldt tilstrækkelig for den længste Tid. som Expeditionen
holdt Søen.
Fig. 2 i Forbindelse med Fig. I viser de forskjellige
Apparaters Plads paa det øverste Dæk. Midten af dette
indtages af en Overbygning eller Hytte, hvis Dæk er frem-
Reports on the Apparatus and how to work them, drawn up
by the author for the Directors of the Geographical Survey,
chiefly in 1876. but also in the two following years.
Meanwhile, the subject-matter has been carefully revised, and in
part expanded, more particularly as regards the section
that treats of navigating the ship. At the suggestion of
Professor Mohn, Director of the Meteorological Institute,
I have incorporated divers investigations, instituted by him
partly for other purposes, on the velocity of the
sounding-lead. the duration of soundings and dredgings, the theory
of the water-log, and the rates of the chronometers, the
results of which may be given an appropriate place in this
division of the General Report. Furthermore, for not a
few of the illustrations I am wholly, or in part, indebted
to the pencil of Professor Mohn.
The Ship.
The S. S. -’Vøringen,’’1 the vessel selected for the
Expedition, was built of wood, had a length of 144 feet
between the perpendiculars, 231/2 feet beam, and measured
344 tons gross weight. Her engines were of 55 horse power,
nominal, and propelled her in calm weather at the rate of
from 71/2 to 8 knots an hour, with a consumption of 430
pounds of coal. The ship’s complement consisted of the
captain, 2 chief officers, 2 mates (on the last cruise there
was a third mate), the boatswain, the carpenter, 8 able
and 8 ordinary seamen, 2 engineers. 6 firemen, a steward,
the ship’s cook, and one servant.
The "Vøringen" proved an excellent sea-boat, and
afforded sufficient accomodation, though it cannot be said
there was room to spare. She carried on the three cruises
of the Expedition (see Frontispiece), exclusive of the usual
fore-and-aft sails, a top-sail on either mast. The
topmasts, which were rather short, I had lengthened a foot
and a half for the second cruise, in 1877, as also the
top-sails, to give greater spread of canvas; but this was
still insufficient for working the ship under all plain sail.
Fortunately, no such accident occurred to the engine or
the screw as would have left the sails our only resource.
Yet they often stood us in good stead, no less in handling
the ship than to increase her speed. For the rest, the
qualities of the "Vøringen" as a sailing-vessel had not been
taken into account when equipping her for the Expedition.
The dimensions of the coal-bunkers (Fig. 4 Jc) were
increased. by encroaching on the hold below the orlop-deck,
to admit, if necessary, of stowing about 150 tons, a supply
amply sufficient for the longest cruise the Expedition would
undertake.
Figs. 1 and 2 show together the general arrangement
of the apparatus on the upper deck. The middle portion
of the latter was occupied by a roundhouse, of which
1 Opkaldt efter Vøringfossen i Hardanger.
Named after the -Vøringfos," a celebrated waterfall in Hardanger.
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