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36
lidte Søskade. benyttede vi Anledningen til at give Læberne
en hensigtsmæssigere Form. idet der udenpaa den
oprindelige Læbe paaklinkedes, tyndere Jernlæber, der rakte 3.9
cm. (11/-2 Tomme) frem foran de gamle. Mundingen blev
herved ogsaa noget videre, da de nve Læber havde en
divergerende Stilling udad, foruden at Læberne blev
skarpere. I Fig. 17 ser man dem afbildet. Denne Anordning
viste sig strax som en Forbedring. Det hændte dog
undertiden. at Læberne greb altfor dybt, saaledes at Skraben
i kort Tid fyldte sig med Bundmaterialet, istedetfor kun
at skumme det Øverste af dette af og først efter længere
Tids Skrabning at fylde Sækken. Denne Ulempe hævedes
dog snart ved Anbringelsen af et Par korte Træmejer, som
er viste i Figuren, paa begge Sider af Skrabens Jernramme.
Mejerne var 4 til 5 Centimeter (l til 2 Tommer)
brede og af lidt større Længde end Jernrammens Højde,
paa Ydersiden og tor begge Ender afrundede, og fastgjorte
henimod sine Ender med Surringer dels til Jern-Hanefoden
dels til den Kant af Skraberammen, hvor Sækken var
fastsyet. Forenden rakte ganske lidt foran (i Figuren over)’
Læbernes Yderkant.
Sækken var af Kokostougverk. lagt som Matte. Den
var syet til Skrabens Jernramme paa dennes Under- eller
Bagside, og desuden sammensyet paa Siderne som vist i
Figuren, saaledes at den let kunde aabnes og Indholdet
lægges frit i Dagen.
Skraben var, saaledes som Figuren viser, forsynet
med en Hanefod. i hvilken Skrabetouget blev fastgjort.
Hanefoden var af Jernstænger, med dobbelt Part i den
Skraben nærmeste Del, og fæstet til Skraberammen
med stærke Ringe, der gik gjennem Huller i denne og
gjennem Hanefodens Øjebolt. Den ene Side af
Hanefoden bestod i Forhaand af 2 Dele. der endte i
Øjebolte, som var forbundne med en Fangnihg af
Skibmands-garn. Denne var beregnet paa at springe, dersom Skraben
stødte paa en større Hindring paa Havbunden, som kunde
holde den fast, naar begge Hanefodens Arme trak i Skraben.
Med alene den ene Arm som Drag. kunde man i mange
Tilfælde gjøre Regning paa at faa Skraben halet rundt
Hindringen og løs.
Til Sækkens Bund var fastgjort en Jernstang, til
hvilken, ud imod dens Ender, nejedes 2 Svabere paa hver
Side. Disse Svabere var af heglet Hamp, noget over lm
(3 Fod) lange. Mange Dyr, som ikke eller i lidet Antal
kom ind i Skrabesækken, hang fast ved Svaberne, der
saaledes var, for visse Dyrearter, et udmærket Fangstapparat.
Enkelte Gange, paa meget ujevn Bund, hvor man
vilde risikere at faa Skraben iturevet, brugtes Svabere alene,
fæstede til en Jernstang, der med Hanefod var fæstet til
Skrabetouget.
havn in the beginning of July 1876. took advantage of the
opportunity afforded to modify the construction of the
apparatus, with the object of remedying the above-mentioned
defect, in which we succeeded, by rivetting on to the
outer surface of the scrapers another, but thinner pair (Fig.
17), projecting an inch and a half beyond the former. In
this way greater width was given to the mouth of the
dredge, the additional pair of scrapers being made to
diverge from each other; moreover, they had sharper
edges. Our modification turned out a decided
improvement. Now and again, however, the scrapers would cut
too deep, and soon till the dredge-bag with matter from
the bottom, instead of skimming off a thin layer from the
surface and gradually freighting the apparatus. But this
drawback we got rid of by fixing to the frame of the
dredge, as shown in the < figure, a couple of wooden
runners. one on either side. These runners had a width of
llj,—2 inches, and slightly exceeded in length the height
of the frame; they were rounded on the outer side and at
both ends, and were lashed, near their extremities, to the
iron crow-foot, and to the end of the dredge-frame from
which the bag depended. The fore part projected a very
little beyond the edges of the scrapers.
The Dredge-bag — of strong cocoa-nut matting —
was suspended from the lower end of the frame, and
fastened together at the sides in such manner as to admit
of being readily opened to expose its contents.
The dredge, as shown in the figure, was made fast
to the dredge-rope by means of a crow-foot, consisting of
iron rods, two-anned in the part nearest the dredge, and
attached to the dredge-frame by strong iron rings, that
passed through holes in the frame and through the eyes of
the crow-foot. One arm of the crow-foot was in two parts
terminating in eyebolts, connected . together by a stop
of spunyarn, so that in case the dredge got jammed
among rocks and stones, a strain less than sufficient
to’ break the dredge-rope would part the stop, alter the
position of the dredge, — which would then be attached
to the rope by only one arm of the crow-foot, — and
probably enable it to free itself.
To the bottom of the dredge-bag was attached a long
tranverse iron bar, with a. couple Of "swabs," or rather
bunches of teazed-out hemp, about 3 feet in length, fastened
at each of the free ends. Animals that never entered the
dredge-bag, or, at best, but rarely and few in number,
came up again and again on the tangles, which seem to
be singularly well adapted for the capture of certain kinds
of marine animals.
Once or twice, on a bottom exceptionally rugged,
involving the risk of the dredge being torn or broken, we
sent down the tangles alone, attached to an iron bar,
which by means of a crow-foot was made fast to the
dredge-rope.
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