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(0.4 geogr. Mil), Lagunen medregnet. ’ Øens
Fladeindhold er 7.32 geogr. Kvadratmil.
Den nordlige Del er den største og mest
fremtrædende. I dens Midte troner det 1950 .Meter høje
Beerenberg, en udslukt Vulkan; Krateret har en Bredde af 1330
Meter. Den øverste Kegle har en ydre Skraaning af 42°
og en Højde af omkring 600 Meter. Den synes, at dømme
efter de sorte Flekker, der navnlig paa Vestsiden ere saa
fremtrædende, at være dannet af Aske. Den Basis,
hvorpaa denne Kegle hviler, skraaner til alle Kanter udad med
en Heldning af 8 til 10 Grader, en Heldning der mod
Nord og Øst fortsætter under Havet til mindst 1000
Favnes Dyb. Kraterets Rand viser sig tfikket og den højeste
Tinde ligger paa Vestsiden. Mod Nord er Kratervæggen
tildels indstyrtet paa en Hojde af et Par hundrede Meter.
Den saaledes dannede Dalsænkning fortsætter nordover ned
imod Nordsiden af Øen, begrændset paa begge Sider af
divergerende Bergrygge, der tildels skyde sig frem
terraSse-vis! Dette er Beerenbergs Val del bove, der danner
Firn-mulden for dens største Isbræer, som skyde sig ud paa
Nordsiden. Paa Østsiden lindes ogsaa fremstaaende Ribber: •
der dele Østsidens Gletscherfelter, men mod Syd og Vest
synes den øvre Kegles Yderflade at være meget jevn, kun
oppe ved Kraterranden furet af smaa Indsænkninger mellem
Kratertakkerne. Beerenbergs Basis gaar mod Vest,
Sydvest og Nordost med temmelig jevne Skraaninger helt ned
til Havet eller Lavlandet, men mod Nord og mod Øst
danner den særdeles stejie Kyster, der frembyde Præcipicer
paa 300 Meters Højde. Paa flere Steder er Basisen
gjennemfuret af dybe Indskjæringer, gjennem hvilke
Isbræerne finde sin Vej til Havet.
Sydlandets Højde naar ikke paa langt nær op til
Nordlandets. Sydlandet danner et Højplateau, der mod
Sydost og Syd har mange bratte Styrtninger mod Havet,
men mod Nordvest har foran sig et lavt Forland, hvis
Højde ikke rækker 100 Meter over Havet. Højden af
Sydlandets Plateau anslaar jeg til omkring 300 Meter.
Ovenpaa dette hæve sig nogle større Højder, af hvilke den.
højeste, der synes at frembyde en konisk Spids og saaledes
muligens er en vulkansk Kegle, neppe rager over 500 Meter
op over Havfladen.
Den lavere midterste Del af Øen, der er bygget af
faste Lavamasser og rigelig besat med Eruptionskratere,
naar paa sit laveste en omtrentlig Højde af kun 66 Meter
eller maaske mindre, medens Kratertoppene naa op til
breadth of the northern part is a little more than 2
geographical miles, that of the southern 11/2 geographical
mileSj and the connecting tract (including the lagoon)
measures at the narrowest point i1/» English- miles across
(0.4 geographical mile). The area of the island is 7.32
geographical square miles.
The northern part of Jan Mayen is larger qnd more
elevated than the southern. From its central tract towers
the monarch of the island, Mount Beerenberg, an
extinct volcano, rising in regal majesty to. the height of
6400 feet. The crater njeasures 4360 feet in diameter.
The upper cone, which shelves at an angle of 420 and at-;
tains an altitude of about 2000 feet, would, to judge from
the black spots so conspicuous on its western declivity,
appear to be composed of ashes. The base supporting the
cone slopes out in every .direction at an angle of from 8
to 10 degrees, and this incline is retained towards the north
and east to a depth of at least 1000 fathoms beneath
the sea-level. The edge of the crater has å jagged
appearance, and the loftiest peak lies on the west side of the
mountain. Towards the north, the wall of the crater has
partially given way down to a height of from 600 to 700
fefet. The depression thus formed extends northwards
towards the north coast of the island, bounded on either side
by diverging mountain ridges, that here and there project
ledge-like one above the other. This is Beerenberg’s val
del bove, which constitutes the snow-field for the largest of
its glaciers, that jut out from the north side of the
mountain. On the east side, too, are seen prominent ribs, all
of which intersect the nevés of the east side: towards the
south and west, however, the surface of the outer cone
would appear to be remarkably smooth, at the edge of the
crater only being furrowed with shallow depressions between
the jags. The base of Mount Beerenberg shelves towards
the west, south-west, and north-east with a comparatively
gentle incline, either to the water’s edge or the low-lying
shore: towards the north and east, h’owever, the descent at
the coast is very abrupt, exhibiting precipices 1000 feet
high. In several places the base of the mountain is
intersected by deep ravines, through which the glaciers find a
passage to the sea.
The height of the southern part of the island cannot
be compared to that of the northern. The southern land
constitutes a wide plateau, which, in a south-easterly and
southerly direction exhibits numerous precipices’ along the
coast, but, towards the north-west, has extending before it
a low-lying foreland, less than 300 feet above the sea.
The height of the plateau I estimated at 1000 feet. Rising
above this table-land are seen several summits; the loftiest,
which has apparently a conical form, and may therefore
be of eruptive origin, can hardly attain an altitude of
1600 feet above the sea-level.
The low middle tract of the island, which is built
up of compact masses of lava and bears numerous eruptive
craters, has at its lowest point an elevation of only 200
feet, or perhaps even less, whereas the crater summits
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