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liggende Lag skulde kunne hidføre en anden Fordeling af
Luften end den. der allerede existerer fra den Tid. da
Vandet sidste Gang befandt sig i Overfladen udsat for fri
Paavirkning af Atmosphæren. Luften vil saaledes kun
gjennem Vandets Circulation kunne naa ned i Dybet, og
nogen Udjevning af Luftmængderne vil der kim kunne ske
gjennem Blanding af de forskjelligartede Vandmængder, en
Blanding, som under Forudsætning af at der ikke ogsaa
foregaar Opvarmning eller Afkjøling, ikke vil kunne
forrykke det rette Forhold mellem Temperatur og
Kvælstofmængde, da Kvælstofmængdens Variation med
Temperaturen fremstilles ved en ret Linie.
Man vil altsaa, dersom disse Forudsætninger holde
Stik. ved en Kvælstofbestémmelse i de dybere liggende
Vandlag kunne om end meget raat bestemme, om disse
have været Gjenstand for en væsentlig Opvarmning, eller
Afkjøling, siden de sidst befandt sig i Overfladen, forudsat
at man kan negligere Virkningerne af Atmosphæretrykkets
Forandringer og andre mulige Tilfældigheder, som under
Absorbtionen i Overfladen vil kunne gjøre sin Indflydelse
gjældende.
Grupp’erer man de her offentliggjorte Observationer
efter Vandprøvernes Temperatur, viser det sig. at
Kvælstofmængden meget nøie svarer til den efter denne
Temperatur af Formelen beregnede, det vil sige, Vandprøvernes
Temperatur skulde ikke i væsentlig Grad have forandret
sig, siden de sidst befandt sig i Overfladen. Man faar
nemlig:
[-Temperaturinterval.-]
{+Temperatur- interval.+} Midlere Temperatur. Midlere
Kvælstofmængde. Beregnet
Kvælstofmængde. Differents.
under 0° — I°.I 14-32 14.65 O.33
O—3 1.2 14.19 14.12 —0.07
3-6 4.6 13-38 13-34 —0.04
6-9 " 7-5 12.go 12.67 —O.13
over 9 I 1.2 11-93 11.82 —O. I I
At Overensstemmelsen for Temperaturerne under 0°
ikke er saa fuldstændig som ellers, skyldes ogsaa her de
ovenfor nævnte 5 Observationer alle udførte paa Togtet i
1877. Beregner man derimod den midlere Temperatur og
Kvælstofmængde for dette Interval af de paa sidste Aars
Togt gjorte Observationer, erholder man til
Middeltemperaturen —1.2 Kvælstofmængden 14.59 CC. altsaa kun
0.09 CC. mindre end beregnet.
Benyttes paa samme Maade de af Dr. Jacobsen
of-fentligjorte Observationer til et Overslag over
Kvælstofmængden i Nordsøen, erholder man med runde Tal:
the surface causing a distribution of the air different to
that which existed when the water was last at the surface,
in direct contact with the atmosphere. Hence the air
cannot penetrate to such depths save by the circulation
of the water, and an adjustment of the amounts of air can
be effected solély by the mixing of the water different in
composition, which will not. however, unless we assume
a simultaneous increase or decrease of heat, disturb the
true relation between the temperature and the amount of
nitrogen, since the variation of the latter with the
temperature is expressed by a right line.
If. then, these assumptions are found to hold good,
it will be possible, when computing the proportion of
nitrogen in the lower strata of the water, to determine — very
roughly indeed — whether the latter have experienced
any increase or decrease of heat since they were last at
the surface, provided we can ignore the effect of change
in the atmospheric pressure and of other accidental
circumstances, which, during the process of absorption, may have
made their influence felt.
On grouping together according to the temperature
of the samples of water examined, the observations published
in this Memoir, the proportion of nitrogen will be found
to agree very closely with that computed by the formula,
showing,- as appears from the following Table, that the
temperature could have varied but little since the water
had been last at the surface.
Intervals of Temperature. Mean Temperature. Mean Amount of" Nitrogen. Computed Amount of Nitrogen. Difference.
below O0 — 1". I 14-32 14.65 O.33
0—3 1.2 14.19 14.12 —0.07
4.6 13.38 13-34 —0.04
6-9 7-5 12.90 i2.67 ^0.13
above 9 11.2 11-93 11.82 —O.I I
For. the temperatures under 0" the agreement is
indeed not so close: but here. too. the cause may be traced
to the aforesaid 5 observations from the voyage in 1877.
If, however, we compute the mean temperature and the
amount of nitrogen for that interval by the results of the
observations instituted on the last voyage, the mean
temperature will be —1.2 and the amount ol’ nitrogen 14.59cc,
or only 0.09cc less than that computed by the formula.
A similar computation with the observations published
by Dr. Jacobsen for estimating the amount of nitrogen in
the water of the North Sea. will give, in round numbers,
the following results: —
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