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Om. Havbundens Afleiriiiger.
On Oceanic Deposits.
Blandt de mange videnskabelige Undersøgelser, der
behandler Havets forskjellige Naturforhold, findes der kun
faa. som har skaffet os nogen Kundskab om den
kemiskgeologiske Beskaffenhed af de Afleiringer. der bedækker
Bunden i de store Havbasiner.
Det kan neppe vække nogen Forundring, at vore
Erfaringer i denne Retning endnu er meget begrændsede,
naar vi erindrer, hvilke betydelige Hjælpemidler, der er
nødvendige for at gjøre Havbunden paa de dybere Steder
tilgjængelig for den videnskabelige Forskning.
Der er vistnok i Tidernes Løb samlet mange Bidrag
til Læren om de Sedimenter, der har afleiret. sig langs
Kysterne i de grundere Dele af Havet.1 men ved Mangel
paa Materiale har vi været forhindrede fra at gjøre os
noget klart Begreb om de lignende Dannelser i Oceanets
store Dyb.
De mange videnskabelige Expeditioner, dér har
undersøgt Havet i forskjellige Retninger, har tildels ogsaa hentet
Prøver op af Havbunden, men Observationerne dreier sig
væsentlig om deres zoologiske Forhold.2
En planmæssig og alsidig Undersøgelse af Havbunden
er først blevet iværksat af den britiske
"Challenger’’-Expedition (1872 —1876). Det rige Materiale af Bundprøver, der
ved denne Anledning er indsamlet, er endnu ikke paa langt
nær bearbeidet, men Expeditionens foreløbige Meddelelser
— ved Sir "Wywille Thomson og Mr. John Murray3 —
har allerede vist os store og overraskende Resultater.
1 Det mest omfattende Værk i denne Retning er: „Litholøgie
du fond des mers" par M. Delesse.
2 Dr. "Wallich: The North-Atlantic Sea-Bed. Preliminary
Report of the Scientific Exploration of the Deep Sea in H. M. Surveying
Vessel -’Porcupine". 1869. (Being No. 121 of the Proceedings of the
Royal Society). The "Valorous"’ Expedition. Reports by Dr. Ofwyn
Jeffreys and Di\ Carpenter, i From the Proceedings of the Royal
Society, Vol. XXV, No. 17:5).
3 Reports from the "Challenger"’. (From the Proceedings of the
Royal Society, No. 107, 1808). "The" Atlantic-’ by Sir Wyville
Thomson.
Den norske Nordhavsexpeditiön. Schmelck: Chemi.
Of the numerous scientific investigations undertaken to
determine the physical conditions of the sea, very few
have furnished us with trustworthy data concerning the
cliemico-geological nature of the deposits in the great ocean
basins.
Nor is it surprising that our experience in that
direction should as vet be very limited, if we call to mind by
what elaborate and costly means the bed of the ocean
can alone be rendered accessible to scientific research.
True, many valuable additions have from time to time
been made to our knowledge of the sea-bottom and its
surface-stratum of sedimentary matter in coastal localities
where the water is comparatively shallow;1 but no clear
idea could, for want of samples, be formed of the deposits
in the great depths of the ocean.
On one or two of the many scientific Expeditions
despatched to investigate the sea in different "parts of the
world, samples of the bottom were indeed collected, though
chiefly as a help towards determining, from the character
of any organisms they might contain, the general biological
features of the region explored.2
A systematic and comprehensive investigation of the
ocean-bed was first attempted on the "Challenger"
Expedition (1872—76). Much still remains to be done in working
out its rich collection of samples: but the Preliminary
Reports of Sir Wyville Thomson and Mr. John Murray3
sufficiently attest that great and surprising results have been
attained.
1 The most comprehensive work on this subject is "Lithologie
du fond des mers," by M. Delesse.
2 Dr. Wallich: The North-Atlantic Sea-Bed. Preliminary
Report of the Scientific Exploration of the Deep Sea in H. M. Sun-eying
Vessel "Porcupine,"’ 1860. (Being No. 121 of the Proceedings. of the
Royal Society). The "Valorous" Expedition. Reports by Dr. Gwyn
Jeffreys and Dr. Carpenter. (From the Proceedings of the Royal
Society, Vol. XXV,’ No. 17:5.)
3 Reports from the "Challenger." (From the Proceedings of the
Royal Society. No. 107, 1*68.) "The Atlantic." by Sir "Wyville
Thomson.
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